{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122320482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.40.3.366.19237","title":"Negative Consequences of Dichotomizing Continuous Predictor Variables","display_name":"Negative Consequences of Dichotomizing Continuous Predictor Variables","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122320482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.40.3.366.19237","mag":"3122320482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1509/jmkr.40.3.366.19237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.40.3.366.19237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.40.3.366.19237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119950638","display_name":"Journal of Marketing Research","issn_l":"0022-2437","issn":["0022-2437","1547-7193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marketing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/soL3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID627741_code426347.pdf?abstractid=627741&mirid=1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076101520","display_name":"Julie R. Irwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0418-0849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0418-0849"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julie R. Irwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042317303","display_name":"Gary H. McClelland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7652-7007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7652-7007"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gary H. McClelland","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042317303","https://openalex.org/A5076101520"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":{"value":5400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":451,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97725303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"3","first_page":"366","last_page":"371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.7124000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.7124000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.15639999508857727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.08209999650716782,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dichotomization","display_name":"dichotomization","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonnormal-distributions","display_name":"non-normal distributions","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-linear-regression","display_name":"multiple linear regression","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-specification","display_name":"model specification","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-fit","display_name":"model fit","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-distribution","display_name":"normal distribution","score":0.5249999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.6155146956443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5599796175956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.5319682955741882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983394010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19885330","display_name":"Continuous variable","level":2,"score":0.5172827243804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.516960084438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4500088393688202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27574286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Variables","level":2,"score":0.4421871602535248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.4211444556713104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32784250378608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0946057140827179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1509/jmkr.40.3.366.19237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.40.3.366.19237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.40.3.366.19237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119950638","display_name":"Journal of Marketing Research","issn_l":"0022-2437","issn":["0022-2437","1547-7193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Marketing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2083964227","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/soL3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID627741_code426347.pdf?abstractid=627741&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2083964227","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/soL3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID627741_code426347.pdf?abstractid=627741&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589728983","https://openalex.org/W1965497717","https://openalex.org/W1971440513","https://openalex.org/W1983724935","https://openalex.org/W2090559573","https://openalex.org/W2097484071","https://openalex.org/W2135428517","https://openalex.org/W2159001662","https://openalex.org/W2159401492","https://openalex.org/W2327188017","https://openalex.org/W2329925658","https://openalex.org/W4295196781","https://openalex.org/W4297612100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064799866","https://openalex.org/W2139086574","https://openalex.org/W2233482070","https://openalex.org/W336075521","https://openalex.org/W2108096958","https://openalex.org/W2282308317","https://openalex.org/W1965497717","https://openalex.org/W2043956308","https://openalex.org/W2017226747","https://openalex.org/W2097123970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Marketing":[0],"researchers":[1],"frequently":[2],"split":[3],"(dichotomize)":[4],"continuous":[5,72],"predictor":[6,46,73],"variables":[7,47,74],"into":[8],"two":[9],"groups,":[10],"as":[11],"with":[12,75],"a":[13,50],"median":[14],"split,":[15],"before":[16],"performing":[17],"data":[18],"analysis.":[19],"The":[20,61,93],"practice":[21],"is":[22],"prevalent,":[23],"but":[24],"its":[25],"effects":[26,41,82],"are":[27],"not":[28],"well":[29],"understood.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"article,":[33],"the":[34,40,68,81],"authors":[35,62,94],"present":[36,64],"historical":[37],"results":[38,66],"on":[39,67,85],"of":[42,44,70,83],"dichotomization":[43,84,97],"normal":[45],"rederived":[48],"in":[49,90],"regression":[51],"context":[52],"that":[53,96],"may":[54],"be":[55,104],"more":[56],"relevant":[57],"to":[58],"marketing":[59],"researchers.":[60],"then":[63],"new":[65],"effect":[69],"dichotomizing":[71],"various":[76],"nonnormal":[77],"distributions":[78],"and":[79,88,102],"examine":[80],"model":[86],"specification":[87],"fit":[89],"multiple":[91],"regression.":[92],"conclude":[95],"has":[98],"only":[99],"negative":[100],"consequences":[101],"should":[103],"avoided.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}