{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122267985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.223594","title":"Corruption and Composition of Foreign Direct Investment: Firm-Level Evidence","display_name":"Corruption and Composition of Foreign Direct Investment: Firm-Level Evidence","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122267985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.223594","mag":"3122267985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.223594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.223594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.223594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.223594","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076368323","display_name":"Beata Smarzynska Javorcik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-6679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-6679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140326","display_name":"Centre for Economic Policy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04jzmdh37","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55633929","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/02md09461","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beata Smarzynska Javorcik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London, United Kingdom","University of Oxford - Department of Economics, Manor Road Building, Manor Road, Oxford, United Kingdom","World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), 1818 H. Street, N.W., MSN3-311, Washington, DC 20433, United States","Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","University of Oxford - Department of Economics","World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford - Department of Economics, Manor Road Building, Manor Road, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG), 1818 H. Street, N.W., MSN3-311, Washington, DC 20433, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109848490","display_name":"Shang\u2010Jin Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-9366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-9366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140326","display_name":"Centre for Economic Policy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04jzmdh37","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shang-Jin Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London, United Kingdom","Columbia University - Columbia Business School, Finance, 3022 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","Columbia University - Columbia Business School, Finance","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University - Columbia Business School, Finance, 3022 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University - Columbia Business School, Finance","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076368323"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210140326","https://openalex.org/I55633929"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.8657000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.12809999287128448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12225","display_name":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corruption","display_name":"corruption","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"foreign direct investment","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-ventures","display_name":"joint ventures","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wholly-owned-subsidiaries","display_name":"wholly owned subsidiaries","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ownership-structure","display_name":"ownership structure","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-sophistication","display_name":"technological sophistication","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispute-adjudication","display_name":"dispute adjudication","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-corrupt-practices-act","display_name":"Foreign Corrupt Practices Act","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-firms","display_name":"US firms","score":0.3319999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.7884163856506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.5876824855804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780027415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524648","display_name":"Language change","level":2,"score":0.5382312536239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4853155016899109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.4127196967601776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.38815635442733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3146919012069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.10841447114944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.223594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.223594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.223594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016904962","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://papers.nber.org/papers/w7969.pdf","pdf_url":"http://papers.nber.org/papers/w7969.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.223594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.223594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.223594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44536961","https://openalex.org/W54077830","https://openalex.org/W578256036","https://openalex.org/W634175812","https://openalex.org/W1487549142","https://openalex.org/W1508932393","https://openalex.org/W1519316330","https://openalex.org/W1963870017","https://openalex.org/W1990186700","https://openalex.org/W1991128340","https://openalex.org/W1998117055","https://openalex.org/W2026403338","https://openalex.org/W2111524480","https://openalex.org/W2122929840","https://openalex.org/W2125997216","https://openalex.org/W2476466202","https://openalex.org/W2944409852","https://openalex.org/W3122490967","https://openalex.org/W3122506565","https://openalex.org/W4299345064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521391954","https://openalex.org/W1582407831","https://openalex.org/W7099300754","https://openalex.org/W2146328419","https://openalex.org/W1971102192","https://openalex.org/W7098388213","https://openalex.org/W3126034649","https://openalex.org/W4290652573","https://openalex.org/W3125737259","https://openalex.org/W2156002510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,207],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,35,46,56,60,65,74,89,109,122,137,153,161,185,212],"impact":[4],"of":[5,48,68,91,98,121,158,163,204],"corruption":[6,38,63,131,151],"in":[7,30,115,150,181,199],"a":[8,16,20,27,50,93,116,125,164],"host":[9],"country":[10],"on":[11,124,144],"foreign":[12,79],"investor's":[13,69,104],"preference":[14,110],"for":[15],"joint":[17,113,141,182,197],"venture":[18],"versus":[19],"wholly-owned":[21,165],"subsidiary.":[22],"A":[23],"simple":[24],"model":[25],"highlights":[26],"basic":[28],"trade-off":[29],"using":[31,49],"local":[32,40,51,94],"partners.":[33],"On":[34,59,184],"one":[36],"hand,":[37,62,187],"makes":[39],"bureaucracy":[41],"less":[42,177],"transparent":[43],"and":[44,72,80,135],"increases":[45,102],"value":[47,90],"partner":[52],"to":[53,156,175,179,192,196,211],"cut":[54],"through":[55],"bureaucratic":[57],"maze.":[58],"other":[61,186,205],"decreases":[64,160],"effective":[66],"protection":[67],"intangible":[70,100],"assets":[71,101],"lowers":[73],"probability":[75,162],"that":[76,130,157],"disputes":[77],"between":[78],"domestic":[81],"partners":[82],"will":[83],"be":[84,176,193,209],"adjudicated":[85],"fairly,":[86],"which":[87,107],"reduces":[88,132],"having":[92],"partner.":[95],"The":[96],"importance":[97],"protecting":[99],"with":[103],"technological":[105],"sophistication,":[106],"tilts":[108],"away":[111],"from":[112,152],"ventures":[114,198],"corrupt":[117,200],"country.":[118],"Empirical":[119],"tests":[120],"hypothesis":[123],"firm-level":[126],"data":[127],"set":[128],"show":[129],"inward":[133],"FDI":[134,145],"shifts":[136],"ownership":[138],"structure":[139],"towards":[140],"ventures.":[142,183],"Conditional":[143],"taking":[146],"place,":[147],"an":[148],"increase":[149],"Hungarian":[154],"level":[155],"Azerbaijan":[159],"subsidiary":[166],"by":[167],"10-20%.":[168],"Technologically":[169],"more":[170,194],"advanced":[171],"firms":[172,189],"are":[173,190],"found":[174,191],"likely":[178],"engage":[180],"US":[188],"averse":[195],"countries":[201],"than":[202],"investors":[203],"nationalities.":[206],"may":[208],"due":[210],"U.S.":[213],"Foreign":[214],"Corrupt":[215],"Practices":[216],"Act.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
