{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122006434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.944421","title":"Is the Iceberg Melting Less Quickly? International Trade Costs after World War Ii","display_name":"Is the Iceberg Melting Less Quickly? International Trade Costs after World War Ii","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122006434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.944421","mag":"3122006434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.944421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.944421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.944421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.944421","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007426507","display_name":"Dennis Novy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9403-2119","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9403-2119"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340728805","display_name":"Ifo Institute for Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/045495t75","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340728805","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140326","display_name":"Centre for Economic Policy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04jzmdh37","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Novy","raw_affiliation_strings":["CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute), Poschinger Str. 5, Munich, DE-81679, Germany","Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom","Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London, United Kingdom","University of Warwick - Department of Economics, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9403-2119","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute), Poschinger Str. 5, Munich, DE-81679, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340728805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Warwick - Department of Economics, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007426507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340728805","https://openalex.org/I39555362","https://openalex.org/I4210140326","https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12428","display_name":"Global Trade and Competitiveness","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-costs","display_name":"trade costs","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iceberg-trade-costs","display_name":"iceberg trade costs","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravity-model","display_name":"gravity model","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateral-resistance","display_name":"multilateral resistance","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance","display_name":"distance","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariffs","display_name":"tariffs","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-trade-agreements","display_name":"free trade agreements","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilateral-trade","display_name":"bilateral trade","score":0.6380000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6083738803863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87889798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543986","display_name":"Gravity model of trade","level":2,"score":0.6006050109863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.588178277015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.5626229047775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506295513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729438","display_name":"Economic integration","level":2,"score":0.5519492030143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.5422045588493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5335686","display_name":"International free trade agreement","level":3,"score":0.49142563343048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76474335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215551","display_name":"Comparative advantage","level":2,"score":0.4686042070388794}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.944421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.944421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.944421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:1436","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/1436/1/WRAP_Novy_twerp_764.pdf","pdf_url":"https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/1436/1/WRAP_Novy_twerp_764.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working or Discussion Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:uwarer:269734","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/269734/files/twerp_764.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/269734/files/twerp_764.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wrk:warwec:764","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/workingpapers/2006/twerp_764.pdf","pdf_url":"https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/workingpapers/2006/twerp_764.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.233.6697","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.233.6697","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/publications/2006/twerp_764.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3122006434","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:wrk:warwec:764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.944421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.944421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.944421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479800634","https://openalex.org/W1486540230","https://openalex.org/W1509707534","https://openalex.org/W1510091863","https://openalex.org/W1519868581","https://openalex.org/W1531609150","https://openalex.org/W1964867888","https://openalex.org/W1996632208","https://openalex.org/W2004103375","https://openalex.org/W2031083478","https://openalex.org/W2041328659","https://openalex.org/W2043663521","https://openalex.org/W2096917551","https://openalex.org/W2105355158","https://openalex.org/W2113955090","https://openalex.org/W2131285719","https://openalex.org/W2135296617","https://openalex.org/W2159544537","https://openalex.org/W2316893086","https://openalex.org/W2889712533","https://openalex.org/W3121794982","https://openalex.org/W3122371890","https://openalex.org/W3122610053","https://openalex.org/W3125666894","https://openalex.org/W4234223169","https://openalex.org/W4249920418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096832789","https://openalex.org/W7097664406","https://openalex.org/W7221180641","https://openalex.org/W2157913348","https://openalex.org/W3121474744","https://openalex.org/W7095831509","https://openalex.org/W2049558708","https://openalex.org/W7100735748","https://openalex.org/W7095819716","https://openalex.org/W7098046656"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
