{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121847889","doi":null,"title":"Impact of Capital Structure on Firm's Financial Performance: Cement Industry of Pakistan","display_name":"Impact of Capital Structure on Firm's Financial Performance: Cement Industry of Pakistan","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121847889","mag":"3121847889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.localhost:article/28645","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/28645","pdf_url":"http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/28645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401197","display_name":"Journals & Books Hosting (International Knowledge Sharing Platform)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Business and Management; Vol 8, No 4 (2016); 115-119","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/28645","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000609836","display_name":"Nawaz Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-7868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-7868","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6871-8540"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nawaz Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-7868","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113940954","display_name":"Mohsin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5082,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72699774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"115","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12123","display_name":"Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance","score":0.08429999649524689,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12544","display_name":"Working Capital and Financial Performance","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-structure","display_name":"capital structure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-leverage","display_name":"leverage","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-performance","display_name":"financial performance","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt-ratio","display_name":"debt ratio","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-on-assets","display_name":"return on assets","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement-industry","display_name":"cement industry","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karachi-stock-exchange","display_name":"Karachi Stock Exchange","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/listed-companies","display_name":"listed companies","score":0.6380000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149933338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q950816","display_name":"Capital structure","level":3,"score":0.8030195236206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7699027061462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185669311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163221","display_name":"Return on assets","level":3,"score":0.688086211681366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5864772796630859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135665773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2234049","display_name":"Debt ratio","level":3,"score":0.5837076902389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73116969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16954906","display_name":"Debt-to-capital ratio","level":5,"score":0.5121088027954102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171884676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755687","display_name":"Return on capital employed","level":5,"score":0.5013296604156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.47282493114471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99656134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912993","display_name":"Ordinary least squares","level":2,"score":0.4633380174636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.43091660737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60679458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q823288","display_name":"Working capital","level":2,"score":0.4109707474708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.32992956042289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.32518917322158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30470460653305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.28104186058044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155530773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591174","display_name":"Return on equity","level":3,"score":0.21217817068099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44750222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897397","display_name":"Financial capital","level":3,"score":0.20195245742797852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124972522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303176","display_name":"Equity ratio","level":4,"score":0.10373103618621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.10079056024551392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08825299143791199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08683478832244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58202505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035700","display_name":"Capital formation","level":4,"score":0.08085969090461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.06393197178840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200870193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11691","display_name":"Stock exchange","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.localhost:article/28645","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/28645","pdf_url":"http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/28645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401197","display_name":"Journals & Books Hosting (International Knowledge Sharing Platform)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Business and Management; Vol 8, No 4 (2016); 115-119","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:3121847889","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/download/28645/29407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764648571","display_name":"European Journal of Business and Management","issn_l":"2222-1905","issn":["2222-1905","2222-2839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320723","host_organization_name":"IISTE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IISTE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Business and Management","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.localhost:article/28645","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/28645","pdf_url":"http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/28645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401197","display_name":"Journals & Books Hosting (International Knowledge Sharing Platform)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Business and Management; Vol 8, No 4 (2016); 115-119","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121847889.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121847889.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W282849708","https://openalex.org/W1023053969","https://openalex.org/W1495656322","https://openalex.org/W1508531630","https://openalex.org/W1605013255","https://openalex.org/W1791109274","https://openalex.org/W2000578291","https://openalex.org/W2013399506","https://openalex.org/W2040743687","https://openalex.org/W2053085261","https://openalex.org/W2055818557","https://openalex.org/W2060723329","https://openalex.org/W2060827592","https://openalex.org/W2075606267","https://openalex.org/W2090681977","https://openalex.org/W2097978133","https://openalex.org/W2099738879","https://openalex.org/W2110352084","https://openalex.org/W2117536316","https://openalex.org/W2118413171","https://openalex.org/W2143437037","https://openalex.org/W2150217344","https://openalex.org/W2153524047","https://openalex.org/W2170790204","https://openalex.org/W2258180768","https://openalex.org/W2261483992","https://openalex.org/W3122153419","https://openalex.org/W3123906439","https://openalex.org/W3124114405","https://openalex.org/W3124587245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2759091756","https://openalex.org/W2328303732","https://openalex.org/W2599862209","https://openalex.org/W2278111871","https://openalex.org/W4405352436","https://openalex.org/W2992841791","https://openalex.org/W1567641731","https://openalex.org/W1818125127","https://openalex.org/W7169827123","https://openalex.org/W1491021707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"is":[2,55],"an":[3],"attempt":[4],"to":[5,86],"gauge":[6],"the":[7,14,21,24,43,52,77],"impact":[8,93],"of":[9,17,33,48],"capital":[10],"structure":[11],"(leverage)":[12],"on":[13,20,94,101],"financial":[15,96],"performance":[16,97],"companies":[18],"listed":[19,41],"KSE":[22],"in":[23,42,72],"cement":[25],"sector.The":[26],"data":[27,50],"was":[28],"extracted":[29],"for":[30,51,57,63,75],"a":[31,89],"period":[32,53],"seven":[34],"years":[35],"from":[36],"2009":[37],"-2015.The":[38],"total":[39],"firms":[40,59],"sector":[44],"are":[45,61,70],"18":[46],"out":[47],"which":[49,60],"selected":[54],"available":[56],"14":[58],"used":[62,71],"study.Correlation":[64],"and":[65],"Ordinary":[66],"Least":[67],"squares":[68],"models":[69],"this":[73],"study":[74],"testing":[76],"hypothesis.The":[78],"results":[79],"show":[80],"that":[81],"leverage":[82],"measured":[83,98],"by":[84,99],"Debt":[85],"Assets":[87,102],"has":[88],"statistically":[90],"significant":[91],"negative":[92],"firms'":[95],"Return":[100],"at":[103],"99.9%":[104],"confidence":[105],"interval.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
