{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121698533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226060231.003.0009","title":"Constraints on the Level and Efficient Use of Labor","display_name":"Constraints on the Level and Efficient Use of Labor","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121698533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226060231.003.0009","mag":"3121698533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226060231.003.0009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226060231.003.0009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226060231.003.0009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464156","display_name":"University of Chicago Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structural Impediments to Growth in Japan","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1547758882","display_name":"Structural Impediments to Growth in Japan"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://www.nber.org/chapters/c9577.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018459538","display_name":"Hiroshi Ono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7617-8986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7617-8986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180242103","display_name":"Stockholm School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5jzh92","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180242103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Ono","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Institute of Japanese Studies, Stock-holm School of Economics","Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies, Oxford University","Works Insti-tute, Minoru Ito of the Japan Institute of Labor, Koichiro Masuda, Fumio Ohtake, Kazumi Ota, Yasuo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Institute of Japanese Studies, Stock-holm School of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180242103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies, Oxford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Works Insti-tute, Minoru Ito of the Japan Institute of Labor, Koichiro Masuda, Fumio Ohtake, Kazumi Ota, Yasuo","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038904255","display_name":"Marcus E. Rebick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180242103","display_name":"Stockholm School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5jzh92","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180242103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus E. Rebick","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Institute of Japanese Studies, Stock-holm School of Economics","Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies, Oxford University","Works Insti-tute, Minoru Ito of the Japan Institute of Labor, Koichiro Masuda, Fumio Ohtake, Kazumi Ota, Yasuo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Institute of Japanese Studies, Stock-holm School of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180242103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies, Oxford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Works Insti-tute, Minoru Ito of the Japan Institute of Labor, Koichiro Masuda, Fumio Ohtake, Kazumi Ota, Yasuo","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.1326,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99246988,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"225","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.3483999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.3483999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.31200000643730164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.22200000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-supply","display_name":"labor supply","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-market-institutions","display_name":"labour market institutions","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-law","display_name":"labor law","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-mobility","display_name":"career mobility","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-labor-force-participation","display_name":"female labor force participation","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap","display_name":"gender pay gap","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-labor-policy","display_name":"government labor policy","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-labor-market","display_name":"Japanese labor market","score":0.7829999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6615841388702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5819284915924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5351935625076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.5313162207603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5143010020256042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3233269155025482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3206087350845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226060231.003.0009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226060231.003.0009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226060231.003.0009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464156","display_name":"University of Chicago Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structural Impediments to Growth in Japan","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberch:9577","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/chapters/c9577.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/chapters/c9577.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberch:9577","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/chapters/c9577.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/chapters/c9577.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7390999794006348,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121698533.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121698533.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51681330","https://openalex.org/W1966629471","https://openalex.org/W1968893921","https://openalex.org/W1973707258","https://openalex.org/W1993468741","https://openalex.org/W2005892092","https://openalex.org/W2015922827","https://openalex.org/W2028320587","https://openalex.org/W2076923470","https://openalex.org/W2079681839","https://openalex.org/W2102946662","https://openalex.org/W2154105023","https://openalex.org/W2164390116","https://openalex.org/W2187934118","https://openalex.org/W2320483179","https://openalex.org/W2320805103","https://openalex.org/W2476469335","https://openalex.org/W2895198943","https://openalex.org/W4301384723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510772383","https://openalex.org/W1547721514","https://openalex.org/W7099371840","https://openalex.org/W7096211614","https://openalex.org/W2070687878","https://openalex.org/W3191960528","https://openalex.org/W1553452688","https://openalex.org/W594616298","https://openalex.org/W3211438764","https://openalex.org/W7100501932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1,51],"addresses":[2],"impediments":[3,63],"to":[4,30,64],"the":[5,8,14,19,28,38,44,65,91,98,109,116],"growth":[6,76],"of":[7,21,37,67,97,111,125],"labor":[9,23,40,54],"supply":[10],"that":[11,72],"are":[12,128],"affecting":[13,75],"economy.":[15],"It":[16],"first":[17],"outlines":[18],"state":[20],"Japanese":[22,39],"in":[24,90,114,123],"2001,":[25],"focusing":[26],"on":[27],"extent":[29],"which":[31],"institutions":[32],"long":[33],"seen":[34,89],"as":[35],"characteristic":[36],"market":[41],"have":[42,47],"stayed":[43],"same":[45],"or":[46],"been":[48],"changing.":[49],"The":[50],"then":[52],"discusses":[53],"law":[55],"and":[56,77,120],"its":[57],"consequences.":[58],"Next,":[59],"it":[60],"looks":[61],"at":[62],"mobility":[66],"career":[68],"employees":[69],"(primarily":[70],"men)":[71],"may":[73,84],"be":[74,85],"examines":[78],"reasons":[79],"why":[80],"female":[81],"labor-force":[82],"participation":[83],"lower":[86],"than":[87],"levels":[88],"United":[92],"States.":[93],"A":[94],"quantitative":[95],"perspective":[96],"barriers":[99,117],"is":[100,118],"presented,":[101],"including":[102],"their":[103],"overall":[104],"implications":[105],"for":[106],"economic":[107],"growth;":[108],"role":[110],"government":[112],"policy":[113],"removing":[115],"considered;":[119],"some":[121],"areas":[122],"need":[124],"further":[126],"research":[127],"identified.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
