{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121589421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16807","title":"Has Consumption Inequality Mirrored Income Inequality?","display_name":"Has Consumption Inequality Mirrored Income Inequality?","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121589421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16807","mag":"3121589421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w16807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16807","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16807","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016570570","display_name":"Mark Aguiar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3924-1354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3924-1354"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Aguiar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics University of Rochester P.O. Box 270156 Rochester , NY 14627-0156 and","Princeton University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics University of Rochester P.O. Box 270156 Rochester , NY 14627-0156 and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086090084","display_name":"Mark Bils","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Bils","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","University of Rochester - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rochester - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption-inequality","display_name":"consumption inequality","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality","display_name":"income inequality","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-expenditure-survey","display_name":"Consumer Expenditure Survey","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-error","display_name":"measurement error","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luxury-consumption","display_name":"luxury consumption","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-savings","display_name":"household savings","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budget-constraints","display_name":"budget constraints","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-systems","display_name":"demand systems","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.8307318687438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.582079291343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5622492432594299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.5362671613693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132000672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6158427","display_name":"Income inequality metrics","level":4,"score":0.5344388484954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23195317387580872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.15069711208343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.047665953636169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w16807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16807","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nbr:nberwo:16807","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w16807.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.nber.org/papers/w16807.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.170.9369","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.170.9369","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dl.dropbox.com/u/285065/mirror.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.190.5128","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.190.5128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dl.dropbox.com/u/285065/mirror.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3121589421","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/nber_w16807.pdf?abstractid=1768565&mirid=4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w16807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16807","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w16807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121589421.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121589421.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481307465","https://openalex.org/W1516430439","https://openalex.org/W1544702026","https://openalex.org/W1964022392","https://openalex.org/W1981651168","https://openalex.org/W2003857858","https://openalex.org/W2010173533","https://openalex.org/W2013349778","https://openalex.org/W2037691547","https://openalex.org/W2055904743","https://openalex.org/W2104802427","https://openalex.org/W2107702892","https://openalex.org/W2138148571","https://openalex.org/W2138238248","https://openalex.org/W2147554432","https://openalex.org/W2156359941","https://openalex.org/W2161647272","https://openalex.org/W2171956741","https://openalex.org/W2271501211","https://openalex.org/W3021192838","https://openalex.org/W3023619695","https://openalex.org/W3121295125","https://openalex.org/W3121980538","https://openalex.org/W3122770437","https://openalex.org/W4214669672","https://openalex.org/W4235375412","https://openalex.org/W4297810511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098242165","https://openalex.org/W7100660109","https://openalex.org/W7099060189","https://openalex.org/W1599552146","https://openalex.org/W2562849148","https://openalex.org/W2742414055","https://openalex.org/W2100130192","https://openalex.org/W4200386028","https://openalex.org/W3144688103","https://openalex.org/W1997444603"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"revisit":[1],"to":[2,49,82],"what":[3,182],"extent":[4],"the":[5,11,34,51,57,62,89,97,118,121,167,186],"increase":[6,177],"in":[7,88,96,120,136,178],"income":[8,48,71,102,105,112,153,164],"inequality":[9,64,72,127,160,165,180],"over":[10,148,166],"last":[12],"30":[13],"years":[14],"has":[15,161],"been":[16],"mirrored":[17],"by":[18,23,56,66,150],"consumption":[19,29,54,63,126,130,159,179],"inequality.We":[20],"do":[21],"so":[22],"constructing":[24],"two":[25],"alternative":[26],"measures":[27,172],"of":[28,42,53,100,124,170],"expenditure,":[30],"using":[31],"data":[32,191],"from":[33,185],"Consumer":[35],"Expenditure":[36],"Survey":[37],"(CE).We":[38],"first":[39],"use":[40,78],"reports":[41],"active":[43],"savings":[44,67],"and":[45,75,103,152],"after":[46],"tax":[47],"construct":[50],"measure":[52],"implied":[55,65],"budget":[58],"constraint.We":[59],"find":[60],"that":[61,144,158],"behavior":[68],"largely":[69],"tracks":[70],"between":[73],"1980":[74],"2007.Second,":[76],"we":[77,93,134],"a":[79,137,138,174],"demand":[80],"system":[81],"correct":[83],"for":[84,107,142],"systematic":[85],"measurement":[86],"error":[87],"CE's":[90,187],"expenditure":[91,99,190],"data.Specifically,":[92],"consider":[94],"trends":[95],"relative":[98],"high":[101],"low":[104],"households":[106],"different":[108,111],"goods":[109],"with":[110],"(total":[113],"expenditure)":[114],"elasticities.Our":[115],"estimation":[116],"exploits":[117],"difference":[119],"growth":[122],"rate":[123],"luxury":[125],"versus":[128],"necessity":[129],"inequality.This":[131],"\"double-differencing,''":[132],"which":[133],"implement":[135],"regression":[139],"framework,":[140],"corrects":[141],"mis-measurement":[143],"can":[145],"systematically":[146],"vary":[147],"time":[149],"good":[151],"group.This":[154],"second":[155],"exercise":[156],"indicates":[157],"closely":[162],"tracked":[163],"period":[168],"1980-2007.Both":[169],"our":[171],"show":[173],"significantly":[175],"greater":[176],"than":[181],"is":[183],"obtained":[184],"total":[188],"household":[189],"directly.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
