{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121491663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00114030","title":"Lender of last resort: A contemporary perspective","display_name":"Lender of last resort: A contemporary perspective","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121491663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00114030","mag":"3121491663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00114030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00114030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00114030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79175213","display_name":"Journal of Financial Services Research","issn_l":"0920-8550","issn":["0920-8550","1573-0735"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Financial Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110908961","display_name":"George G. Kaufman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1925986","display_name":"Loyola University Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6x2g63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George G. Kaufman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Finance, Loyola University of Chicago, 820 N. Michigan Avenue, 60611, Chicago, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Finance, Loyola University of Chicago, 820 N. Michigan Avenue, 60611, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110908961"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6705,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":120,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91665252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"95","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.0203000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lender-of-last-resort","display_name":"lender of last resort","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-bank-liquidity-support","display_name":"central bank liquidity support","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discount-window","display_name":"discount window","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-market-operations","display_name":"open market operations","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/money-supply","display_name":"money supply","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset-prices","display_name":"asset prices","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate-income","display_name":"aggregate income","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-policy","display_name":"monetary policy","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779465119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1817463","display_name":"Lender of last resort","level":4,"score":0.8409677743911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183582576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184783","display_name":"Market liquidity","level":2,"score":0.7425119876861572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189722922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667481","display_name":"Open market operation","level":3,"score":0.637111485004425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5054895877838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.5052095055580139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.495293527841568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778363899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23900955","display_name":"Window of opportunity","level":2,"score":0.4852285385131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4747491478919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.44418448209762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4395032525062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.3259342312812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992735868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66344","display_name":"Central bank","level":3,"score":0.27673062682151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126285488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476","display_name":"Monetary policy","level":2,"score":0.2187555730342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10268491506576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.08552670478820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00114030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00114030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00114030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79175213","display_name":"Journal of Financial Services Research","issn_l":"0920-8550","issn":["0920-8550","1573-0735"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Financial Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61312468","https://openalex.org/W78126552","https://openalex.org/W604806577","https://openalex.org/W605198344","https://openalex.org/W617614592","https://openalex.org/W618676928","https://openalex.org/W1489151698","https://openalex.org/W1490290741","https://openalex.org/W1498275067","https://openalex.org/W1537711113","https://openalex.org/W1552930036","https://openalex.org/W1577474853","https://openalex.org/W1582333939","https://openalex.org/W1986498596","https://openalex.org/W2020513947","https://openalex.org/W2045782423","https://openalex.org/W2070066727","https://openalex.org/W2071715957","https://openalex.org/W2082675160","https://openalex.org/W2094270606","https://openalex.org/W2105109461","https://openalex.org/W2106209019","https://openalex.org/W2124562277","https://openalex.org/W2132027137","https://openalex.org/W2265104081","https://openalex.org/W2316302252","https://openalex.org/W2496716543","https://openalex.org/W2590149668","https://openalex.org/W3072348257","https://openalex.org/W3122016188","https://openalex.org/W3122636172","https://openalex.org/W3125769591","https://openalex.org/W4206037142","https://openalex.org/W4298417493","https://openalex.org/W4388063319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533570177","https://openalex.org/W1578500444","https://openalex.org/W3161870970","https://openalex.org/W272273057","https://openalex.org/W4385696096","https://openalex.org/W7099843608","https://openalex.org/W20535988","https://openalex.org/W2474976560","https://openalex.org/W4378365219","https://openalex.org/W2908738490"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}