{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121173595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030601","title":"Heat Transfer Characteristics of Thermoelectric Generator System for Waste Heat Recovery from a Billet Casting Process: Experimental and Numerical Analysis","display_name":"Heat Transfer Characteristics of Thermoelectric Generator System for Waste Heat Recovery from a Billet Casting Process: Experimental and Numerical Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121173595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030601","mag":"3121173595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en14030601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030601","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/3/601/pdf?version=1611599662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/3/601/pdf?version=1611599662","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030380702","display_name":"Saurabh Yadav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-956X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-956X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurabh Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-956X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019860112","display_name":"Jie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8825-5224","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8825-5224"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8825-5224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113929904","display_name":"Man Sik Kong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122368","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8n3s74","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122368"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man Sik Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Advanced Engineering, 175-28, Goan-ro 51, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17180, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Engineering, 175-28, Goan-ro 51, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17180, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072956994","display_name":"Young Gyoon Yoon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Gyoon Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Livingcare Development of Materials, 166, Gosan-ro, Gunpo-si, Gyonggi-do 15850, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Livingcare Development of Materials, 166, Gosan-ro, Gunpo-si, Gyonggi-do 15850, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107413421","display_name":"Sung Chul Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sung Chul Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107413421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"fwci":0.2136,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3239736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"601","last_page":"601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-generators","display_name":"thermoelectric generators","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-heat-recovery","display_name":"waste heat recovery","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/billet-casting","display_name":"billet casting","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bismuth-telluride","display_name":"Bi2Te3","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer-characteristics","display_name":"heat transfer characteristics","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-energy-storage","display_name":"battery energy storage","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-density","display_name":"power density","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117127486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11569191","display_name":"Thermoelectric generator","level":3,"score":0.7793251276016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6175515651702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.6047787070274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63034144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163026","display_name":"Radiator (engine cooling)","level":2,"score":0.5706119537353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105994980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15081379","display_name":"Waste heat recovery unit","level":3,"score":0.5698678493499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63024428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552456","display_name":"Thermoelectric effect","level":2,"score":0.5643981695175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288706","display_name":"Waste heat","level":3,"score":0.5474555492401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5355989933013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7694927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667810","display_name":"Water cooling","level":2,"score":0.5051019787788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777038907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415256","display_name":"Bismuth telluride","level":4,"score":0.4872699975967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128458982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18891486","display_name":"Thermoelectric cooling","level":3,"score":0.4508858919143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.4229656755924225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.34500205516815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207365445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15020929","display_name":"Thermoelectric materials","level":3,"score":0.26524657011032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2549612522125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.21328705549240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.2036292552947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.17479759454727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.12065166234970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08323812484741211}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en14030601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030601","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/3/601/pdf?version=1611599662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:3:p:601-:d:486850","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/3/601/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8ee28b3bd3bb413d81d8dc14178f8cc7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8ee28b3bd3bb413d81d8dc14178f8cc7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 14, Iss 3, p 601 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en14030601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030601","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/3/601/pdf?version=1611599662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G859112003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20172010000760","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121173595.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121173595.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W262600141","https://openalex.org/W639111436","https://openalex.org/W1983576392","https://openalex.org/W2033989835","https://openalex.org/W2063546902","https://openalex.org/W2066294960","https://openalex.org/W2084309685","https://openalex.org/W2169090355","https://openalex.org/W2225498204","https://openalex.org/W2239543649","https://openalex.org/W2345322483","https://openalex.org/W2484086772","https://openalex.org/W2546470812","https://openalex.org/W2549333183","https://openalex.org/W2594758347","https://openalex.org/W2760550579","https://openalex.org/W2801934545","https://openalex.org/W2902715167","https://openalex.org/W2956703564","https://openalex.org/W2997116687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2956703564","https://openalex.org/W4292996473","https://openalex.org/W2546470812","https://openalex.org/W1998863141","https://openalex.org/W2225498204","https://openalex.org/W2345322483","https://openalex.org/W2549263400","https://openalex.org/W4297236671","https://openalex.org/W6931604202","https://openalex.org/W2592542397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"experiments":[3],"were":[4,29,45,60,124],"performed":[5],"to":[6,47,62,78,115,126,142],"use":[7],"the":[8,32,36,57,73,84,87,91,117,121,131,144,167,171,177,180,188,196,200],"waste":[9],"heat":[10,145],"in":[11,187,195],"a":[12,51,64,135,193],"billet":[13,34],"casting":[14],"industry":[15],"utilizing":[16],"bismuth":[17],"telluride":[18],"thermoelectric":[19,48,58,181],"generators":[20],"(TEGs).":[21],"Four":[22],"d-type":[23],"absorber":[24,43],"plates":[25],"made":[26],"of":[27,41,53,56,66,72,90,152,170,179,199],"copper":[28],"installed":[30],"above":[31],"manufactured":[33],"during":[35],"cooling":[37],"process.":[38],"Three":[39],"sides":[40],"each":[42],"plate":[44],"attached":[46],"units.":[49],"Therefore,":[50],"total":[52],"12":[54],"units":[55],"system":[59,75,85,95],"found":[61,77,125],"generate":[63],"power":[65,70],"339":[67],"W.":[68],"The":[69,173],"density":[71],"TEG":[74],"was":[76,102,139],"be":[79],"981":[80],"W/m2":[81],"while":[82],"running":[83],"at":[86,148,160],"operating":[88],"voltage":[89],"battery":[92],"energy":[93],"storage":[94],"(58":[96],"V).":[97],"A":[98],"one-dimensional":[99,136],"numerical":[100,122,137],"simulation":[101,138],"carried":[103,140],"out":[104,141],"using":[105],"FloMASTERTM":[106],"v9.1":[107],"(Mentor":[108],"Graphics":[109],"Corporation,":[110],"Siemens,":[111],"Dallas,":[112],"TX,":[113],"USA)":[114],"verify":[116],"experimental":[118,132],"results,":[119],"and":[120,159,192],"results":[123,174],"exhibit":[127],"good":[128],"agreement":[129],"with":[130,184],"results.":[133],"Furthermore,":[134],"obtain":[143],"transfer":[146],"characteristics":[147],"varying":[149],"flow":[150,190],"rates":[151],"cold":[153,168,201],"water":[154],"(Reynolds":[155],"number":[156],"=":[157],"2540\u201316,943)":[158],"different":[161],"inlet":[162,197],"temperatures":[163],"(10\u201325":[164],"\u00b0C)":[165],"for":[166],"side":[169],"TEG.":[172],"indicate":[175],"that":[176],"performance":[178],"generator":[182],"increases":[183],"an":[185],"increase":[186],"cold-water":[189],"rate":[191],"decrease":[194],"temperature":[198],"water.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}