{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121107273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2021.933","title":"Words matter: interpretations and implications of \u201cpara\u201d in paraprofessional","display_name":"Words matter: interpretations and implications of \u201cpara\u201d in paraprofessional","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121107273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2021.933","mag":"3121107273","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33424460","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7772989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5195/jmla.2021.933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2021.933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2021.933","pdf_url":"https://jmla.pitt.edu/ojs/jmla/article/download/933/1200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146304353","display_name":"Journal of the Medical Library Association JMLA","issn_l":"1536-5050","issn":["1536-5050","1558-9439"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320335","host_organization_name":"University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320335","https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Medical Library Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jmla.pitt.edu/ojs/jmla/article/download/933/1200","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057134704","display_name":"Hannah M. Schilperoort","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0612-064X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0612-064X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Schilperoort","raw_affiliation_strings":["schilper@usc.edu, Information Services Librarian, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","Information Services Librarian, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0612-064X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"schilper@usc.edu, Information Services Librarian, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Services Librarian, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088634809","display_name":"Alvaro Quezada","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro Quezada","raw_affiliation_strings":["aquezada@usc.edu, Supervisor, Access Services, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","Science and Engineering Librarian, Seaver Science Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aquezada@usc.edu, Supervisor, Access Services, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Engineering Librarian, Seaver Science Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064526870","display_name":"Frances Lezcano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frances Lezcano","raw_affiliation_strings":["lezcano@usc.edu, Science and Engineering Librarian, Seaver Science Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","Manager, Access Services, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"lezcano@usc.edu, Science and Engineering Librarian, Seaver Science Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manager, Access Services, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0726,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82528237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"109","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13673","display_name":"Library Science and Information","score":0.3400999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13673","display_name":"Library Science and Information","score":0.3400999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12289","display_name":"Library Science and Administration","score":0.2858999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13166","display_name":"Information Science and Libraries","score":0.1477999985218048,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3309","display_name":"Library and Information Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-libraries","display_name":"medical libraries","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-support-staff","display_name":"library support staff","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-identity","display_name":"professional identity","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusive-language","display_name":"inclusive language","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.544738233089447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.518402099609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.476068913936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.45336630940437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777341132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6150991","display_name":"Medical library","level":2,"score":0.43618786334991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.42851176857948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776985886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751892","display_name":"Caucus","level":3,"score":0.41864052414894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3492383360862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3428192436695099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.33357828855514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11808919906616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11181333661079407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007993","descriptor_name":"Libraries, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007998","descriptor_name":"Library Science","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007999","descriptor_name":"Library Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011361","descriptor_name":"Professional Competence","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016245","descriptor_name":"Librarians","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024382","descriptor_name":"Professional Role","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5195/jmla.2021.933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2021.933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2021.933","pdf_url":"https://jmla.pitt.edu/ojs/jmla/article/download/933/1200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146304353","display_name":"Journal of the Medical Library Association JMLA","issn_l":"1536-5050","issn":["1536-5050","1558-9439"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320335","host_organization_name":"University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320335","https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Medical Library Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6701965","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7772989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:33424460","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33424460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7772989","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7772989/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Med Libr Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.17605/osf.io/ea328","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/ea328","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:42b0ef53add94e3d87b291f893c4c0f3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/42b0ef53add94e3d87b291f893c4c0f3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Medical Library Association, Vol 109, Iss 1 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E0056-AB4-524","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://api.osf.io/v2/nodes/ea328/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"project"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5195/jmla.2021.933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2021.933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2021.933","pdf_url":"https://jmla.pitt.edu/ojs/jmla/article/download/933/1200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146304353","display_name":"Journal of the Medical Library Association JMLA","issn_l":"1536-5050","issn":["1536-5050","1558-9439"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320335","host_organization_name":"University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320335","https://openalex.org/P4310316479"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University Library System, University of Pittsburgh","University of Pittsburgh"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Medical Library Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308668","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121107273.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121107273.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502785839","https://openalex.org/W1974760722","https://openalex.org/W2030970550","https://openalex.org/W2062893599","https://openalex.org/W2082875263","https://openalex.org/W2090996222","https://openalex.org/W2102304779","https://openalex.org/W2898169815","https://openalex.org/W2909705539","https://openalex.org/W2914811340","https://openalex.org/W2972380822","https://openalex.org/W3038976524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W164227560","https://openalex.org/W7097568398","https://openalex.org/W2097114868","https://openalex.org/W2102304779","https://openalex.org/W2515196245","https://openalex.org/W6903777487","https://openalex.org/W2063817772","https://openalex.org/W4380995835","https://openalex.org/W99490757","https://openalex.org/W7037462594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"While":[1],"studies":[2],"from":[3,133],"the":[4,15,50,97,147,172,215,229,247,263,293],"early":[5],"1990s":[6],"show":[7],"that":[8,228,245],"library":[9,41,74,126,257,260,302],"staff":[10,42,75,127,261],"in":[11,76,128,231,301],"nonlibrarian":[12,77,130],"roles":[13],"interpret":[14,262],"term":[16,51,58,248,264,294],"\"paraprofessional\"":[17,52,157,189,217,232,249,295],"as":[18],"being":[19],"demeaning":[20,267],"to":[21,36,44,54,68,72,90,190,204,255,265,268],"their":[22,269],"roles,":[23],"no":[24,297],"recent":[25],"research":[26],"has":[27],"been":[28],"conducted":[29,64],"on":[30,140],"this":[31],"topic.":[32],"This":[33],"study":[34],"aims":[35],"investigate":[37],"if":[38,56],"health":[39,124],"sciences":[40,125],"continue":[43],"have":[45],"similar":[46],"negative":[47],"associations":[48],"with":[49,288],"and":[53,110,116,122,165,188,233,277,303],"determine":[55],"another":[57],"is":[59,235],"preferred.":[60],"METHODS:":[61],"The":[62],"authors":[63],"a":[65,191,205,274],"literature":[66,306],"review":[67],"identify":[69],"terms":[70,92,216],"used":[71,254,300],"categorize":[73],"roles.":[78,270],"Using":[79],"these":[80],"terms,":[81],"we":[82,291],"created":[83],"an":[84],"online":[85],"Qualtrics":[86],"survey":[87,98,284],"asking":[88],"participants":[89,119,176,181,196,201,211],"rank":[91],"by":[93,283],"preference.":[94],"We":[95],"distributed":[96],"via":[99],"thirty-six":[100],"professional":[101,308],"email":[102,112],"discussion":[103,113],"lists,":[104,114],"including":[105],"MEDLIB-L,":[106],"thirty-three":[107],"MLA":[108],"chapter":[109],"caucus":[111],"DOCLINE-L,":[115],"ACRL-HSIG-L.":[117],"Survey":[118],"included":[120],"full-time":[121],"part-time":[123],"any":[129],"position.":[131],"Responses":[132],"librarians":[134],"were":[135,225],"not":[136,251],"accepted.":[137],"RESULTS:":[138],"Based":[139],"178":[141],"completed":[142],"surveys,":[143],"\"library":[144,159,169,185,272],"staff\"":[145,161,170,187],"was":[146,171,281],"top":[148,173],"choice":[149,174],"of":[150,152,175,209,222],"49%":[151],"participants,":[153],"over":[154],"\"other\"":[155,203],"(19%),":[156],"(13%),":[158],"support":[160,186],"(11%),":[162],"\"paralibrarian\"":[163,234],"(7%),":[164],"\"nonprofessional\"":[166],"(1%).":[167],"Although":[168],"across":[177],"all":[178],"ages,":[179],"older":[180],"(aged":[182,197],"45-75)":[183],"preferred":[184,202,282],"greater":[192,206],"degree":[193],"than":[194],"younger":[195,200],"18-44),":[198],"while":[199],"degree.":[207],"Out":[208],"36":[210],"who":[212],"specifically":[213],"mentioned":[214],"or":[218,239,307],"\"paralibrarian,\"":[219],"32":[220],"(89%)":[221],"those":[223],"comments":[224],"negative,":[226],"indicating":[227],"\"para\"":[230],"either":[236],"insulting,":[237],"inapplicable,":[238],"unfamiliar.":[240],"CONCLUSIONS:":[241],"Our":[242],"results":[243],"suggest":[244],"although":[246],"may":[250],"intentionally":[252],"be":[253,266,299],"demean":[256],"staff,":[258],"many":[259],"Instead,":[271],"staff,\"":[273],"more":[275],"inclusive":[276],"less":[278],"divisive":[279],"term,":[280],"participants.":[285],"In":[286],"accordance":[287],"our":[289],"results,":[290],"believe":[292],"should":[296],"longer":[298],"information":[304],"scholarly":[305],"discourse.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-01-18T00:00:00"}
