{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121061996","doi":null,"title":"A Bicultural Service Member/Civilian Identity and Motivations-Based Assessment of Moral Injury in U.S. Military and Veteran Populations from America\u2019s Longest Wars","display_name":"A Bicultural Service Member/Civilian Identity and Motivations-Based Assessment of Moral Injury in U.S. Military and Veteran Populations from America\u2019s Longest Wars","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121061996","mag":"3121061996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.liberty.edu:doctoral-3813","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2754","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3813&context=doctoral","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400581","display_name":"Digital Commons (Liberty University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","host_organization_name":"Liberty University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations and Projects","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3813&context=doctoral","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134156792","display_name":"Jamie McNally","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4689-2062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4689-2062"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jamie Allison McNally","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5134156792"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0923,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52519124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-injury","display_name":"moral injury","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bicultural-identity-integration","display_name":"bicultural identity integration","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-personnel","display_name":"military personnel","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/veterans","display_name":"veterans","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-mental-health","display_name":"military mental health","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning-making","display_name":"meaning-making","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enlistment-motivation","display_name":"enlistment motivation","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrinsic-and-extrinsic-motivation","display_name":"intrinsic and extrinsic motivation","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potentially-morally-injurious-events","display_name":"potentially morally injurious events","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-trauma","display_name":"war trauma","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"replication","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017406211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47064","display_name":"Service member","level":3,"score":0.7222318649291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.6448008418083191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776948989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209572","display_name":"Military service","level":2,"score":0.6424736380577087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391161","display_name":"Moral injury","level":2,"score":0.6420422196388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4516042470932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4390818476676941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.43472492694854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4117233157157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779072820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47064","display_name":"Military personnel","level":2,"score":0.36414337158203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.3395938277244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3279288709163666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.32006704807281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28614842891693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14156246185302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.liberty.edu:doctoral-3813","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2754","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3813&context=doctoral","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400581","display_name":"Digital Commons (Liberty University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","host_organization_name":"Liberty University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations and Projects","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3121061996","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3813&context=doctoral","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.liberty.edu:doctoral-3813","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2754","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3813&context=doctoral","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400581","display_name":"Digital Commons (Liberty University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","host_organization_name":"Liberty University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations and Projects","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121061996.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3121061996.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":146,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482545459","https://openalex.org/W1513101052","https://openalex.org/W1556469544","https://openalex.org/W1587213699","https://openalex.org/W1806587151","https://openalex.org/W1957564917","https://openalex.org/W1967648132","https://openalex.org/W1968407299","https://openalex.org/W1969348782","https://openalex.org/W1973029906","https://openalex.org/W1975303729","https://openalex.org/W1975313084","https://openalex.org/W1975843394","https://openalex.org/W1984653255","https://openalex.org/W1989361200","https://openalex.org/W1990030246","https://openalex.org/W1993170231","https://openalex.org/W1996324786","https://openalex.org/W2002693215","https://openalex.org/W2003001630","https://openalex.org/W2005149653","https://openalex.org/W2008522423","https://openalex.org/W2008699836","https://openalex.org/W2017547626","https://openalex.org/W2018738210","https://openalex.org/W2019511380","https://openalex.org/W2022148856","https://openalex.org/W2026440671","https://openalex.org/W2034276306","https://openalex.org/W2034596989","https://openalex.org/W2037595860","https://openalex.org/W2039827470","https://openalex.org/W2041010897","https://openalex.org/W2042198059","https://openalex.org/W2043324803","https://openalex.org/W2047942442","https://openalex.org/W2053257333","https://openalex.org/W2059715562","https://openalex.org/W2063297727","https://openalex.org/W2069613430","https://openalex.org/W2069826700","https://openalex.org/W2077719160","https://openalex.org/W2086385195","https://openalex.org/W2096877169","https://openalex.org/W2096910467","https://openalex.org/W2103707961","https://openalex.org/W2105164027","https://openalex.org/W2109884117","https://openalex.org/W2109911615","https://openalex.org/W2111769886","https://openalex.org/W2116415874","https://openalex.org/W2116577406","https://openalex.org/W2119432837","https://openalex.org/W2122771930","https://openalex.org/W2123557230","https://openalex.org/W2123791568","https://openalex.org/W2125475472","https://openalex.org/W2127638181","https://openalex.org/W2129900561","https://openalex.org/W2132322340","https://openalex.org/W2132344999","https://openalex.org/W2133627277","https://openalex.org/W2134207165","https://openalex.org/W2134469114","https://openalex.org/W2135099581","https://openalex.org/W2138170223","https://openalex.org/W2142676425","https://openalex.org/W2150261153","https://openalex.org/W2154971387","https://openalex.org/W2158952244","https://openalex.org/W2159046461","https://openalex.org/W2161373612","https://openalex.org/W2162753233","https://openalex.org/W2166471910","https://openalex.org/W2168401869","https://openalex.org/W2171983646","https://openalex.org/W2173691232","https://openalex.org/W2200338631","https://openalex.org/W2238037890","https://openalex.org/W2278310405","https://openalex.org/W2295556779","https://openalex.org/W2296534067","https://openalex.org/W2301190789","https://openalex.org/W2325783592","https://openalex.org/W2401248473","https://openalex.org/W2403574324","https://openalex.org/W2435100406","https://openalex.org/W2521949438","https://openalex.org/W2549757646","https://openalex.org/W2550089728","https://openalex.org/W2551031927","https://openalex.org/W2560321158","https://openalex.org/W2567534235","https://openalex.org/W2570000342","https://openalex.org/W2592990990","https://openalex.org/W2599200686","https://openalex.org/W2601046774","https://openalex.org/W2601920874","https://openalex.org/W2605695317","https://openalex.org/W2621753375","https://openalex.org/W2622891581","https://openalex.org/W2739918235","https://openalex.org/W2763184297","https://openalex.org/W2765939203","https://openalex.org/W2768279004","https://openalex.org/W2771701349","https://openalex.org/W2779156261","https://openalex.org/W2791493069","https://openalex.org/W2799556862","https://openalex.org/W2802024423","https://openalex.org/W2802821849","https://openalex.org/W2807947655","https://openalex.org/W2810962648","https://openalex.org/W2833237358","https://openalex.org/W2883911583","https://openalex.org/W2884182333","https://openalex.org/W2887755819","https://openalex.org/W2891320275","https://openalex.org/W2898329150","https://openalex.org/W2904736735","https://openalex.org/W2909824193","https://openalex.org/W2912201991","https://openalex.org/W2912438679","https://openalex.org/W2912824144","https://openalex.org/W2913458318","https://openalex.org/W2918561772","https://openalex.org/W2926090245","https://openalex.org/W2926412806","https://openalex.org/W2944103757","https://openalex.org/W2947732028","https://openalex.org/W2948737443","https://openalex.org/W2952726953","https://openalex.org/W2954407082","https://openalex.org/W2968461742","https://openalex.org/W2968477446","https://openalex.org/W2970157337","https://openalex.org/W2970167470","https://openalex.org/W2971366945","https://openalex.org/W2971864612","https://openalex.org/W2978289021","https://openalex.org/W3016583805","https://openalex.org/W3044291841","https://openalex.org/W4232793677","https://openalex.org/W4248364723","https://openalex.org/W4248906075","https://openalex.org/W4292545669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412407723","https://openalex.org/W4386102321","https://openalex.org/W7115590963","https://openalex.org/W7212109522","https://openalex.org/W7212329929","https://openalex.org/W6958401409","https://openalex.org/W3204068295","https://openalex.org/W7093098758","https://openalex.org/W4413986724","https://openalex.org/W7110609050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Experiences":[0],"in":[1,6,16,49,90],"war":[2],"are":[3],"often":[4],"traumatic":[5],"nature.":[7],"Over":[8],"the":[9,23,42,60,82,102,134,163,215],"past":[10],"thirty":[11],"years,":[12],"research":[13,58,99,135],"has":[14],"resulted":[15],"increased":[17],"understanding":[18],"of":[19,85,92,123,214],"these":[20,38,105,175],"experiences":[21],"and":[22,41,68,80,110,127,148,156,169,174,194,223],"unique":[24],"trajectory":[25],"that":[26,46,140,157,181],"values-based,":[27],"as":[28,53,77,81,116],"opposed":[29],"to":[30,96,129,184],"fear-based,":[31],"traumas":[32,40],"can":[33],"cause.":[34],"This":[35,209],"study":[36,216,221],"investigates":[37],"values-based":[39],"mental":[43,69,153,171,191,203],"health":[44,70,154,172,192,204],"outcomes":[45,155,193,205],"may":[47],"result":[48],"a":[50,117],"syndrome":[51],"known":[52],"moral":[54,167],"injury.":[55],"The":[56],"current":[57],"examined":[59],"relationship":[61,103,164],"between":[62,104,165],"potentially":[63,106],"morally":[64,107],"injurious":[65,108],"event":[66],"exposure":[67,73],"symptomology.":[71],"Event":[72],"was":[74,138],"conceptualized":[75],"both":[76],"objective":[78],"occurrences":[79],"subjective":[83],"experience":[84],"events,":[86],"with":[87,113,151,190,201,212],"notable":[88],"distinctions":[89],"significance":[91],"outcomes.":[93],"After":[94],"attempting":[95],"replicate":[97],"previous":[98],"findings":[100],"for":[101,225],"events":[109],"symptomology,":[111],"including":[112,218],"meaning-making":[114],"hypothesized":[115,139,176],"key":[118],"variable,":[119],"two":[120],"new":[121],"variables":[122],"bicultural":[124,141,158],"identity":[125,142,159],"integration":[126,143,160],"motivations":[128,183,196],"enlist":[130,185],"were":[131,178,206],"introduced":[132],"into":[133],"analyses.":[136],"It":[137],"would":[144,161,186,197],"have":[145],"statistically":[146],"significant":[147],"negative":[149,202],"correlations":[150],"all":[152],"mediate":[162],"perceived":[166],"violations":[168],"overall":[170],"outcomes,":[173],"relationships":[177],"supported.":[179,208],"Hypotheses":[180],"intrinsic":[182],"be":[187,198],"negatively":[188],"correlated":[189,200],"extrinsic":[195],"positively":[199],"partially":[207],"paper":[210],"ends":[211],"discussion":[213],"results,":[217],"clinical":[219],"implications,":[220],"limitations,":[222],"suggestions":[224],"future":[226],"research.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-01-18T00:00:00"}