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THE DESIGN IS COMPOSED OF BOTH ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC BIOREACTOR UNITS; LIPIDS EXTRACTION; A MICROALGAE REACTOR; AND AN ADSORPTION POLISHING STEP. THIS DESIGN RESULTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE CONTAMINANTS IN THE WATER TO ESSENTIALLY ZERO CONCENTRATIONS. SEVERAL PRODUCTS WILL BE PRODUCED AS SYSTEM OUTPUTS: (1) HYDROGEN - FUEL FOR FUEL CELLS; (2) METHANE - ALSO AS FUEL FOR FUEL CELLS OR POTENTIALLY FED INTO THE AEROBIC BIOREACTOR FOR PRODUCING MORE PROTEIN AND/OR LIPIDS; (3) RECOVERED O2 - RECYCLED BACK INTO THE CABIN ENVIRONMENT; (4) LIPIDS - PRODUCTION OF  GREEN  LUBE OILS OR USED AS A NUTRACEUTICAL; (5) PROTEIN CAKE (WITH OR WITHOUT LIPIDS) - A FOOD SOURCE; (6) SOIL AMENDMENTS - FERTILIZER; AND  (7) RECOVERED WATER - RECYCLED AS POTABLE WATER. ONE CHALLENGE COULD BE OXYGENATING THE AEROBIC UNIT WHICH CAUSES AN OXYGEN SINK THAT MAY BE TOO COSTLY. HENCE  TO REDUCE ENERGY/OXYGEN USE  A DESIGN OPTION WHICH ELIMINATES THE AEROBIC STAGE AND REPLACES IT WITH A PASSIVE SOLIDS SEPARATOR WILL BE CONSIDERED. THE RESEARCH PLAN INVOLVES EVALUATION OF EACH UNIT OPERATION PERFORMANCE VIA SMALL REACTOR SYSTEMS OPERATED USING A WIDE VARIATION OF FEED RATES AND COMPOSITION TO TEST NORMAL AND STRESSED PERFORMANCE. OPTIMIZED INDIVIDUAL UNITS WILL BE INTEGRATED INTO A BENCH SYSTEM THAT WILL  IN TURN  BE EVALUATED FOR ITS OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE UNDER STRESS. MASS AND ENERGY BALANCES ACROSS THE ENTIRE SYSTEM AND IN BETWEEN EACH UNIT OPERATION WILL BE USED TO OPTIMIZE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE BENCH SYSTEM. A PILOT SYSTEM WILL BE CONSTRUCTED BASED ON THE WORK DONE IN THE BENCH PHASE AND ITS PERFORMANCE WILL BE EVALUATED. PAYLOADS AND SYSTEMS OPERATION PROTOCOLS WILL BE EVALUATED AND INCLUDED AS PART OF A COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN EVALUATION. PUBLICATIONS INCLUDING REPORTS  PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS  AND PRESENTATIONS WILL BE KEY PRODUCTS ALONG WITH OUTREACH TO RECRUIT FUTURE STEM MAJORS INTERESTED IN SPACE EXPLORATION.","funder_award_id":"80NSSC18M0062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338283","display_name":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04k9mqs78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112726656.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112726656.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W263731622","https://openalex.org/W1477099530","https://openalex.org/W1535463566","https://openalex.org/W1969063755","https://openalex.org/W1969466468","https://openalex.org/W1971057290","https://openalex.org/W1981149420","https://openalex.org/W2003975967","https://openalex.org/W2010963679","https://openalex.org/W2012403490","https://openalex.org/W2029312546","https://openalex.org/W2032709481","https://openalex.org/W2033866884","https://openalex.org/W2034255039","https://openalex.org/W2039391552","https://openalex.org/W2040889974","https://openalex.org/W2061341814","https://openalex.org/W2064390645","https://openalex.org/W2064794472","https://openalex.org/W2071286147","https://openalex.org/W2075523162","https://openalex.org/W2078946265","https://openalex.org/W2084837840","https://openalex.org/W2087691304","https://openalex.org/W2094068280","https://openalex.org/W2112017750","https://openalex.org/W2130891082","https://openalex.org/W2147564056","https://openalex.org/W2148791223","https://openalex.org/W2156360537","https://openalex.org/W2159327976","https://openalex.org/W2252298600","https://openalex.org/W2345248840","https://openalex.org/W2486444208","https://openalex.org/W2527119006","https://openalex.org/W2535191236","https://openalex.org/W2602426269","https://openalex.org/W2765692062","https://openalex.org/W2767487737","https://openalex.org/W2787253623","https://openalex.org/W2794261992","https://openalex.org/W2899357543","https://openalex.org/W2903023948","https://openalex.org/W3010532307","https://openalex.org/W4300025484","https://openalex.org/W6819527630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2345248840","https://openalex.org/W3009593674","https://openalex.org/W4304806817","https://openalex.org/W2787253623","https://openalex.org/W4319335659","https://openalex.org/W7215049396","https://openalex.org/W2947132733","https://openalex.org/W3212384733","https://openalex.org/W3184771049","https://openalex.org/W7132186598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adsorption":[0,25],"for":[1],"water":[2],"and":[3,32,71,117,145],"wastewater":[4],"treatment":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"the":[8,14,42,48,55,90,130],"subject":[9],"of":[10,38,68,81,127,132],"many":[11,62],"research":[12],"in":[13,41],"scientific":[15],"community,":[16],"focusing":[17],"mainly":[18],"on":[19,129],"either":[20],"equilibrium":[21],"or":[22],"kinetic":[23,154],"studies.":[24],"kinetics":[26],"are":[27,103,113],"commonly":[28,108],"modeled":[29],"using":[30],"pseudo-first":[31],"pseudo-second":[33,49,91],"order":[34,50,92],"rate":[35],"laws.":[36],"Analyses":[37],"published":[39,152],"works":[40],"past":[43],"two":[44],"decades":[45],"indicated":[46],"that":[47,74,102],"is":[51],"considered":[52],"to":[53,88,98,149],"be":[54,78],"superior":[56],"model":[57,110],"as":[58],"it":[59],"can":[60],"represent":[61],"adsorption":[63,153],"systems.":[64],"However,":[65],"critical":[66],"assessment":[67],"modeling":[69,84,100,137],"techniques":[70],"practices":[72],"suggests":[73],"its":[75],"superiority":[76],"could":[77],"a":[79,133,139],"consequence":[80],"currently":[82],"acceptable":[83],"norms":[85],"which":[86],"tend":[87],"favor":[89],"model.":[93,134],"The":[94],"partiality":[95],"was":[96,143,146],"due":[97],"several":[99],"pitfalls":[101],"often":[104,114],"neglected.":[105],"In":[106],"addition,":[107],"used":[109,115],"validation":[111,141],"tools":[112],"haphazardly":[116],"redundantly.":[118],"As":[119],"such,":[120],"they":[121],"cannot":[122],"sufficiently":[123],"provide":[124],"any":[125],"kind":[126],"certainty":[128],"validity":[131],"To":[135],"eliminate":[136],"biasness,":[138],"new":[140],"method":[142],"proposed":[144],"then":[147],"employed":[148],"re-examine":[150],"previously":[151],"data.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":367},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":432},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":340},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":227},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":98},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2020-12-21T00:00:00"}