{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112371035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0439","title":"Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum using helical computed tomogrophy for gender determination","display_name":"Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum using helical computed tomogrophy for gender determination","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112371035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0439","mag":"3112371035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0439","pdf_url":"https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/WJARR-2020-0439.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223820","display_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","issn_l":"2581-9615","issn":["2581-9615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383735917","host_organization_name":"GSC Online Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["GSC Online Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/WJARR-2020-0439.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113961841","display_name":"Nalli Prasanth Kumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nalli Prasanth Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Lecturer, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041283616","display_name":"Edara Naga Priyanka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edara Naga Priyanka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Lecturer, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India","Siva Sakthi Dental Hospital, Tirunelveli, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siva Sakthi Dental Hospital, Tirunelveli, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067933469","display_name":"R Kolappan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kolappan R","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024581808","display_name":"Rajendran Ganesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3700-8212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3700-8212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52207611","display_name":"Al Baha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0403jak37","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajendran Ganesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor in Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor in Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076309380","display_name":"Rajala Sushmitha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800781119","display_name":"Pallium India","ror":"https://ror.org/022bs7z24","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800781119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255938","display_name":"Kannur Dental College","ror":"https://ror.org/03khan160","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255938"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajala Sushmitha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Welfare Dental Clinic, Ravulapalem, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Welfare Dental Clinic, Ravulapalem, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800781119","https://openalex.org/I4405255938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"001","last_page":"0069"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12417","display_name":"Morphological variations and asymmetry","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foramen-magnum","display_name":"foramen magnum","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-determination","display_name":"sex determination","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphometrics","display_name":"morphometrics","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiral-ct","display_name":"spiral CT","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-anthropology","display_name":"forensic anthropology","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-fragments","display_name":"bone fragments","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant-analysis","display_name":"discriminant analysis","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776106272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426139","display_name":"Foramen magnum","level":2,"score":0.9815940260887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178910020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2211994","display_name":"Sagittal plane","level":2,"score":0.6965093612670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.6175132989883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16317","display_name":"Occipital bone","level":3,"score":0.5481151342391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909384467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748286","display_name":"Transverse diameter","level":2,"score":0.5407273173332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4502120912075043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.4220179319381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166504685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843905","display_name":"Circumference","level":2,"score":0.41658270359039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779300802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13147","display_name":"Skull","level":2,"score":0.278520405292511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18377035856246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.12892773747444153}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0439","pdf_url":"https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/WJARR-2020-0439.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223820","display_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","issn_l":"2581-9615","issn":["2581-9615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383735917","host_organization_name":"GSC Online Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["GSC Online Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:4418942","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4418942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8(3) 001-006","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.4418941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4418941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4418941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.4418942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4418942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4418942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0439","pdf_url":"https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/WJARR-2020-0439.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223820","display_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","issn_l":"2581-9615","issn":["2581-9615"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4383735917","host_organization_name":"GSC Online Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4383735917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["GSC Online Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112371035.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3112371035.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522042053","https://openalex.org/W1589819486","https://openalex.org/W1608134863","https://openalex.org/W1965627342","https://openalex.org/W1982539942","https://openalex.org/W1996762809","https://openalex.org/W2013445431","https://openalex.org/W2017207572","https://openalex.org/W2069605868","https://openalex.org/W2074524045","https://openalex.org/W2086333227","https://openalex.org/W2093321171","https://openalex.org/W2094691142","https://openalex.org/W2112338268","https://openalex.org/W2161736246","https://openalex.org/W2182614461","https://openalex.org/W2188948366","https://openalex.org/W2296669653","https://openalex.org/W2337912581","https://openalex.org/W2512628626","https://openalex.org/W2739882753","https://openalex.org/W2749879122","https://openalex.org/W2756273376","https://openalex.org/W2885517368","https://openalex.org/W2919790587","https://openalex.org/W3000129563","https://openalex.org/W4212804457","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4384612956","https://openalex.org/W6668852124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086333227","https://openalex.org/W4360920111","https://openalex.org/W3010196134","https://openalex.org/W3137478408","https://openalex.org/W4390515836","https://openalex.org/W3044426907","https://openalex.org/W2296669653","https://openalex.org/W2977766015","https://openalex.org/W4361001702","https://openalex.org/W7216460444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,36,104,120,132,157,226,240,258],"morphometric":[2],"analysis":[3],"of":[4,20,28,45,74,94,108,154,171,184,205,224,228,242,252,270],"foramen":[5,48,52,56,60,64,244,272],"magnum":[6,49,53,57,61,65,245,273],"(FM)":[7],"plays":[8,262],"a":[9,263],"crucial":[10],"role":[11,265],"in":[12,16,67,111,117,194,232,236,249,266,278],"forensics":[13],"and":[14,34,63,96,114,137,150,160,217],"paleontology":[15],"identifying":[17],"the":[18,21,26,43,46,102,138,146,151,155,161,168,172,175,203,210,243,271],"gender":[19,229,250],"unknown":[22],"skeletal":[23,253],"fragments.":[24],"However,":[25],"reliability":[27,44],"these":[29],"parameters":[30,50,187],"vary":[31],"among":[32],"populations":[33],"races.":[35],"present":[37],"study":[38,105],"was":[39,213,230],"conducted":[40],"to":[41,78,190,197],"investigate":[42],"four":[47,186],"ie,":[51],"transverse":[54,140],"diameter,":[55,59],"sagittal":[58,134],"area":[62,162],"circumference":[66,158],"this":[68],"native":[69],"population.":[70],"Methods:":[71],"A":[72,113],"total":[73],"60":[75],"subjects":[76,199,234],"belonging":[77],"both":[79],"genders":[80],"aged":[81],"between":[82],"20":[83],"\u2013":[84],"50":[85],"years":[86],"who":[87],"were":[88,99,122,143,164,188],"undergoing":[89],"computed":[90],"tomography":[91],"(CT)":[92],"examination":[93],"head":[95],"neck":[97],"region":[98],"selected":[100],"for":[101,215,219],"study.":[103],"sample":[106],"comprised":[107],"30":[109,115],"males":[110,195,216],"group":[112,118],"females":[116,220],"B.":[119],"measurements":[121],"obtained":[123,165],"from":[124],"reformatted":[125],"axial":[126],"sections":[127],"using":[128,178,209],"helical":[129],"CT":[130,176,179,260],"scan.":[131],"FM":[133,139,173],"diameter":[135,141],"(FMSD)":[136],"(FMTD)":[142],"measured":[144],"by":[145],"greatest":[147,152],"anteroposterior":[148],"dimension":[149],"width":[153],"foramen.":[156],"(FMC)":[159],"(FMA)":[163],"after":[166],"tracing":[167],"bony":[169],"margin":[170],"on":[174],"image":[177],"workstation.":[180],"Results:":[181],"Mean":[182],"values":[183],"all":[185],"found":[189],"be":[191,247,276],"significantly":[192],"higher":[193,231],"compared":[196],"female":[198,233],"(P":[200],"<0.001).":[201],"Further,":[202],"accuracy":[204,223],"sex":[206],"determination":[207,251],"analyzed":[208],"discriminant":[211],"equation":[212],"70%":[214],"80%":[218],"with":[221,255],"overall":[222],"75%.":[225],"predictability":[227],"than":[235],"male":[237],"subjects.":[238],"Conclusion:":[239],"dimensions":[241,269],"can":[246],"used":[248],"fragments":[254],"considerable":[256],"accuracy.":[257],"Helical":[259],"scan":[261],"pivotal":[264],"providing":[267],"accurate":[268],"that":[274],"could":[275],"useful":[277],"forensic":[279],"testing.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-12-21T00:00:00"}