{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3110726261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.12.20240143","title":"International Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Changes in Oral Health in Smokers after Switching to Combustion-Free Nicotine Delivery Systems: SMILE Study protocol","display_name":"International Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Changes in Oral Health in Smokers after Switching to Combustion-Free Nicotine Delivery Systems: SMILE Study protocol","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3110726261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.12.20240143","mag":"3110726261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2020.12.12.20240143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.12.20240143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.12.20240143","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2021/01/19/2020.12.12.20240143.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2021/01/19/2020.12.12.20240143.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gianluca Conte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-5700","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-5700"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129599","display_name":"Policlinico Universitario di Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/033xwx807","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129599"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160210","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico \"G.Rodolico - San Marco\"","ror":"https://ror.org/051tt6c85","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160210"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Conte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT) Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico - V. Emanuele\u201d, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-5700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT) Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico - V. Emanuele\u201d, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666","https://openalex.org/I4210129599","https://openalex.org/I4210160210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026713991","display_name":"Sebastiano Antonio Pacino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3563-5112","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3563-5112"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152827","display_name":"INGV Osservatorio Etneo","ror":"https://ror.org/03vrtgf80","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29078338","https://openalex.org/I4387152827"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastiano Antonio Pacino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Addendo srl, Dental Clinic, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Addendo srl, Dental Clinic, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044464879","display_name":"Salvatore Urso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-1652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-1652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Urso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101527525","display_name":"Pasquale Caponnetto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-5867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-5867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129599","display_name":"Policlinico Universitario di Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/033xwx807","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129599"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160210","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico \"G.Rodolico - San Marco\"","ror":"https://ror.org/051tt6c85","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160210"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Caponnetto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT) Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico - V. Emanuele\u201d, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT) Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico - V. Emanuele\u201d, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666","https://openalex.org/I4210129599","https://openalex.org/I4210160210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006172956","display_name":"Francesca Benfatto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0564-3673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0564-3673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129599","display_name":"Policlinico Universitario di Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/033xwx807","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129599"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160210","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico \"G.Rodolico - San Marco\"","ror":"https://ror.org/051tt6c85","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160210"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Benfatto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT) Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico - V. Emanuele\u201d, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT) Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico - V. Emanuele\u201d, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666","https://openalex.org/I4210129599","https://openalex.org/I4210160210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036278426","display_name":"Doris Greiling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3276-8057","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3276-8057"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doris Greiling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forschungsdock GmbH, Eidelstedter Weg 1, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany","Forschungsdock GmbH, Eidelstedter Weg 1, 2286 Schenefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungsdock GmbH, Eidelstedter Weg 1, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forschungsdock GmbH, Eidelstedter Weg 1, 2286 Schenefeld, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050637495","display_name":"Eugenio Pedull\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6231-8928","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6231-8928"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugenio Pedull\u00e0","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005885132","display_name":"Luigi Generali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3764-7046","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3764-7046"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Generali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040338557","display_name":"Ugo Consolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-3285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-3285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ugo Consolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088020724","display_name":"Vittorio Checchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-5562","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-5562"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vittorio Checchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jan Kowalski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I268303160","display_name":"Medical University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2y4s44","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I268303160"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Kowalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I268303160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062641940","display_name":"Maciej Nowak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0677-2509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0677-2509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I268303160","display_name":"Medical University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2y4s44","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I268303160"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Nowak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I268303160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024405752","display_name":"Renata G\u00f3rska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-7587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-7587"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I268303160","display_name":"Medical University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2y4s44","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I268303160"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renata G\u00f3rska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Periodontology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I268303160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084200871","display_name":"Amaliya Amaliya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-0542","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-0542"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91819753","display_name":"Padjadjaran University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xqf8t64","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91819753"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amaliya Amaliya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Padjadjaran - Dental Faculty, Jalan Sekeloa Selatan no 1, Bandung 40132, West Java \u2013 Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Padjadjaran - Dental Faculty, Jalan Sekeloa Selatan no 1, Bandung 40132, West Java \u2013 Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91819753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012697008","display_name":"Iain Chapple","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2697-7082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2697-7082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800464100","display_name":"Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/04r10g051","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iain Chapple","raw_affiliation_strings":["Periodontal Research Group, The University of Birmingham & Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Periodontal Research Group, The University of Birmingham & Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100","https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002969674","display_name":"Mike R. Milward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9347-0624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9347-0624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800464100","display_name":"Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/04r10g051","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Milward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Periodontal Research Group, The University of Birmingham & Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Periodontal Research Group, The University of Birmingham & Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100","https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024110730","display_name":"Robert Maclure","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4743-109X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4743-109X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Maclure","raw_affiliation_strings":["R Maclure Clinical Research, C/: Pedro Salinas No 7, Los Torres 54, Arboleas, 04660, SPAIN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"R Maclure Clinical Research, C/: Pedro Salinas No 7, Los Torres 54, Arboleas, 04660, SPAIN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055766018","display_name":"Riccardo Polosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-5721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-5721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129599","display_name":"Policlinico Universitario di Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/033xwx807","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129599"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160210","display_name":"Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico \"G.Rodolico - San Marco\"","ror":"https://ror.org/051tt6c85","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160210"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Polosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy","Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT) Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico - V. Emanuele\u201d, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-5721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT) Teaching Hospital \u201cPoliclinico - V. Emanuele\u201d, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666","https://openalex.org/I4210129599","https://openalex.org/I4210160210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666","https://openalex.org/I4210129599","https://openalex.org/I4210160210"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.0478999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-health","display_name":"oral health","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-cigarettes","display_name":"electronic cigarettes","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodontal-health","display_name":"periodontal health","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gingival-response","display_name":"gingival response","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modified-gingival-index","display_name":"modified gingival index","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tooth-discoloration","display_name":"tooth discoloration","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-plaque","display_name":"dental plaque","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-health-related-quality-of-life","display_name":"oral health-related quality of life","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/never-smokers","display_name":"never smokers","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-smokers","display_name":"young smokers","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodontal-disease-prevention","display_name":"periodontal disease prevention","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8274049758911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6889791488647461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520127","display_name":"Periodontitis","level":2,"score":0.6550548076629639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992672162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Oral health","level":2,"score":0.5618091225624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.5554665327072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.4853135943412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58874564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130768","display_name":"Smoke","level":2,"score":0.48327475786209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.34568122029304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2256859838962555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0943620502948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/2020.12.12.20240143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.12.20240143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.12.20240143","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2021/01/19/2020.12.12.20240143.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5805824","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5805824","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5805824","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2020.12.12.20240143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.12.20240143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.12.20240143","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2021/01/19/2020.12.12.20240143.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol","display_name":"Study Protocol"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3110726261.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3110726261.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5656748","https://openalex.org/W49003987","https://openalex.org/W1498810020","https://openalex.org/W1555903734","https://openalex.org/W1598719349","https://openalex.org/W1605894063","https://openalex.org/W1683368359","https://openalex.org/W1897041210","https://openalex.org/W1986764517","https://openalex.org/W1998667995","https://openalex.org/W2003257082","https://openalex.org/W2024107979","https://openalex.org/W2034367034","https://openalex.org/W2041862401","https://openalex.org/W2067241427","https://openalex.org/W2077737293","https://openalex.org/W2085535669","https://openalex.org/W2094252130","https://openalex.org/W2110497952","https://openalex.org/W2124187240","https://openalex.org/W2133007934","https://openalex.org/W2135362724","https://openalex.org/W2152157235","https://openalex.org/W2162794349","https://openalex.org/W2190152688","https://openalex.org/W2252190210","https://openalex.org/W2299805859","https://openalex.org/W2410399480","https://openalex.org/W2415171865","https://openalex.org/W2417024809","https://openalex.org/W2783070981","https://openalex.org/W2786047136","https://openalex.org/W2792120917","https://openalex.org/W2809048536","https://openalex.org/W2809948294","https://openalex.org/W2810082463","https://openalex.org/W2913337886","https://openalex.org/W2924803875","https://openalex.org/W2968202529","https://openalex.org/W2981322536","https://openalex.org/W3005894953","https://openalex.org/W3034977370","https://openalex.org/W3109382255"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390352206","https://openalex.org/W7171620547","https://openalex.org/W4416253887","https://openalex.org/W7163653434","https://openalex.org/W2992524379","https://openalex.org/W7221472391","https://openalex.org/W7014197424","https://openalex.org/W3121201856","https://openalex.org/W2901206643","https://openalex.org/W4408845379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Although":[1],"the":[2,20,119,123,143,190,207,216,287,313,321],"well-known":[3],"detrimental":[4],"effects":[5],"of":[6,17,22,42,44,67,116,122,218,236,253,295,302,316,323],"conventional":[7,87,153],"cigarette":[8,88],"smoking":[9],"on":[10,80],"oral":[11,61,81,292],"health,":[12],"there":[13],"are":[14],"still":[15],"lack":[16],"evidences":[18],"about":[19],"impact":[21,79,294],"less":[23],"harmful":[24],"alternatives":[25],"(such":[26],"as":[27,108,240],"electronic":[28],"cigarettes":[29,154],"or":[30,161],"heat":[31],"not":[32,135],"burn":[33],"products),":[34],"especially":[35],"in":[36,105,118,142,147,176,194,271,298],"young":[37],"smokers":[38,84,129,134,299],"with":[39,86],"clinical":[40],"absence":[41],"signs":[43],"periodontitis.":[45,303],"SMILE":[46],"will":[47,139,173,184,269,285,308],"be":[48,140,174,185,279,286],"a":[49,109],"prospective,":[50],"multicenter,":[51],"interventional,":[52],"open":[53],"label,":[54],"randomized,":[55],"controlled,":[56],"three":[57],"parallel-arms":[58],"study":[59,72,120,289,307],"assessing":[60],"health":[62,82,293],"parameters":[63],"and":[64,77,99,130,188,202,211,220,226,257,274],"teeth":[65],"appearance":[66],"18":[68,203,233],"months":[69,204,234],"duration.":[70],"This":[71,284],"aims":[73],"to":[74,92,137,149,163,186,232,278,319],"compare":[75,189],"short-":[76],"long-term":[78],"between":[83,200,206],"continuing":[85,148],"smoking,":[89],"those":[90],"switching":[91,162],"combustion-free":[93],"nicotine":[94],"delivery":[95],"systems":[96],"(C-F":[97],"NDS),":[98],"never-smokers":[100,172],"by":[101,281],"objectively":[102],"evaluating":[103],"changes":[104],"gingival":[106],"response,":[107],"proxy":[110],"for":[111],"periodontal/gingival.":[112],"The":[113,181],"total":[114],"number":[115],"participants":[117],"planned":[121],"trial":[124],"is":[125,276],"606":[126],"(505":[127],"regular":[128],"101":[131],"never-smokers).":[132],"Regular":[133],"intending":[136],"quit":[138],"randomized":[141],"ratio":[144],"1:4":[145],"either":[146],"smoke":[150],"commercially":[151],"manufactured":[152],"(n":[155,166],"=":[156,167],"101;":[157],"Study":[158,169,208],"Arm":[159,170,177,224,227],"A)":[160],"C-F":[164,317],"NDS":[165,318],"404;":[168],"B),":[171],"assigned":[175],"C":[178],"(n=":[179],"101).":[180],"primary":[182],"outcome":[183],"assess":[187],"percentage":[191],"mean":[192],"change":[193],"Modified":[195],"Gingival":[196],"Index":[197],"(MGI)":[198],"score":[199],"Baseline":[201],"follow-up":[205,235],"Arms":[209],"A":[210],"B.":[212],"Secondary":[213],"outcomes":[214],"include":[215],"assessment":[217,256],"within-":[219],"between-group":[221],"(Arm":[222],"A,":[223],"B":[225],"C)":[228],"variations":[229],"from":[230,305],"baseline":[231],"several":[237],"endpoints,":[238],"such":[239],"MGI,":[241],"Tooth":[242],"Stains":[243],"Assessment,":[244],"Dental":[245],"Discolorations,":[246],"Plaque":[247],"Score":[248],"Imaging,":[249],"Oral":[250],"Health":[251],"Quality":[252],"Life":[254],"(OHQOL)":[255],"EuroQoL":[258],"Visual":[259],"Analog":[260],"Scale":[261],"(EQ":[262],"VAS":[263],"\u2013":[264],"QoL)":[265],"assessment.":[266],"Patient":[267],"recruitment":[268],"start":[270],"January":[272],"2021":[273],"enrolment":[275],"expected":[277],"completed":[280],"June":[282],"2021.":[283],"first":[288],"determining":[290],"overall":[291,314],"using":[296],"CF-NDS":[297],"without":[300],"sign":[301],"Data":[304],"this":[306],"provide":[309],"valuable":[310],"insights":[311],"into":[312],"potential":[315],"reduce":[320],"risk":[322],"periodontal":[324],"diseases.":[325]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2020-12-21T00:00:00"}