{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3109967302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3684451","title":"Curating the Evidence on Role of Personal Protective Equipment in COVID-19: A Review of Scientific Publications and Social Media Recommendations","display_name":"Curating the Evidence on Role of Personal Protective Equipment in COVID-19: A Review of Scientific Publications and Social Media Recommendations","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3109967302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3684451","mag":"3109967302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3684451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3684451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3684451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3684451","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009034461","display_name":"Zainab Bhuriwala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129917","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwrqj12","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}],"countries":["PK","TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zainab Bhuriwala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University - Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan","Aga Khan University - Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055010953","display_name":"Asma Akbar Ladak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-1874","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-1874"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129917","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwrqj12","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}],"countries":["PK","TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Akbar Ladak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University - Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan","Aga Khan University - Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005254213","display_name":"Hussain Ahmed Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0346-894X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0346-894X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129917","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwrqj12","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}],"countries":["PK","TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussain Ahmed Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University - Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan","Aga Khan University - Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044755577","display_name":"Muhammad Ibrahim Habib","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129917","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwrqj12","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}],"countries":["PK","TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ibrahim Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University - Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan","Aga Khan University - Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006081035","display_name":"kaleem sohail Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6798-5076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6798-5076","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0764-2513"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129917","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwrqj12","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}],"countries":["PK","TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaleem Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University - Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan","Aga Khan University - Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098351579","display_name":"Faiza Urooj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129917","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwrqj12","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}],"countries":["PK","TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faiza Urooj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University - Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan","Aga Khan University - Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059966414","display_name":"Zahra A. Hoodbhoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-8293","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-8293"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Hoodbhoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University - Department of Paediatrics, Pakistan","Aga Khan University - Department of Paediatrics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Department of Paediatrics, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Department of Paediatrics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039182943","display_name":"Zainab Z. Samad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2422-3199","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2422-3199"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zainab Samad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University - Department of Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan","Aga Khan University - Department of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Department of Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Department of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012108828","display_name":"Saleem Sayani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-9475","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-9475"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108070","display_name":"Aga Khan University Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/01zv98a09","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210108070","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129917","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wwrqj12","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}],"countries":["KE","PK","TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleem Sayani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University - E-health Resource Center, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Nairobi, 74800, Kenya","Aga Khan University - E-health Resource Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - E-health Resource Center, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Nairobi, 74800, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - E-health Resource Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210129917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113925130","display_name":"H. Samuel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802929321","display_name":"Aga Khan University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05xcx0k58","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I2802929321","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harrison Samuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University Hospital - Cardiac Cath Lab, Stadium Road, Karachi, Sindh 74880, Pakistan","Aga Khan University Hospital - Cardiac Cath Lab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University Hospital - Cardiac Cath Lab, Stadium Road, Karachi, Sindh 74880, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802929321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University Hospital - Cardiac Cath Lab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802929321"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018609633","display_name":"Babar Sultan Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-7578","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-7578"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Babar S. Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aga Khan University - Department of Paediatrics, Pakistan","Aga Khan University - Department of Paediatrics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Department of Paediatrics, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aga Khan University - Department of Paediatrics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018609633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13032","display_name":"COVID-19 Prevention and Impact","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-protective-equipment","display_name":"personal protective equipment","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-control","display_name":"infection control","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-workers","display_name":"healthcare workers","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n95-respirators","display_name":"N95 respirators","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloth-masks","display_name":"cloth masks","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ppe-reuse","display_name":"PPE reuse","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-recommendation","display_name":"social media recommendation","score":0.8889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.8338768482208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333024","display_name":"Personal protective equipment","level":5,"score":0.6954232454299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.6030585169792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.5885427594184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.578560471534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3922390937805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3662952780723572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3295798897743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32224076986312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23695048689842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2294139862060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.20444846153259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14456090331077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3684451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3684451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3684451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3684451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3684451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3684451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200000368","https://openalex.org/W3162688380","https://openalex.org/W3023614120","https://openalex.org/W3092480916","https://openalex.org/W3111048287","https://openalex.org/W3163640875","https://openalex.org/W4282548140","https://openalex.org/W4210701683","https://openalex.org/W3017607666","https://openalex.org/W6943912189"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2020-12-07T00:00:00"}