{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3108468340","doi":null,"title":"The gendered effects of the ongoing lockdown and school closures in South Africa: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM Waves 1 and 2","display_name":"The gendered effects of the ongoing lockdown and school closures in South Africa: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM Waves 1 and 2","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3108468340","mag":"3108468340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sza:wpaper:wpapers356","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ekon.sun.ac.za/wpapers/2020/wp212020/wp212020.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.ekon.sun.ac.za/wpapers/2020/wp212020/wp212020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065384526","display_name":"Daniela Maria Casale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-1196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-1196"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Casale","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-1196","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017571548","display_name":"Debra Lynne Shepherd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3609-8583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3609-8583"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debra Shepherd","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3609-8583","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10722","display_name":"Work-Family Balance Challenges","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11711","display_name":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-lockdown","display_name":"COVID-19 lockdown","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-closures","display_name":"school closures","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality","display_name":"gender inequality","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-employment","display_name":"women's employment","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-loss","display_name":"job loss","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childcare-burden","display_name":"childcare burden","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-labour-force-participation","display_name":"women's labour force participation","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-reopening","display_name":"school reopening","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.6140000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5873568058013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5791116952896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993872870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260732","display_name":"Work hours","level":3,"score":0.5161846280097961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.45590323209762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109167261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421955","display_name":"Fell","level":2,"score":0.45256948471069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42980748414993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4078425467014313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3575705885887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.35236871242523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26254501938819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.2401888072490692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018898988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260732","display_name":"Working hours","level":2,"score":0.20558035373687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.18297120928764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09626081585884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sza:wpaper:wpapers356","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ekon.sun.ac.za/wpapers/2020/wp212020/wp212020.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.ekon.sun.ac.za/wpapers/2020/wp212020/wp212020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3108468340","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/szawpaper/wpapers356.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210734949","https://openalex.org/W3094884396","https://openalex.org/W7165030141","https://openalex.org/W7112272422","https://openalex.org/W7162142773","https://openalex.org/W4293194362","https://openalex.org/W3049556687","https://openalex.org/W7204104513","https://openalex.org/W3130355710","https://openalex.org/W3035501125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,108,223],"data":[1,109,224],"from":[2,115,188],"Wave":[3,85],"1":[4,166],"of":[5,21,62,69,75,87,191,231],"NIDS-CRAM":[6,88],"showed":[7],"that":[8,111,227],"women":[9,92,137,154,169,218,232],"were":[10,30,106],"disproportionately":[11],"affected":[12],"by":[13,213],"the":[14,18,22,52,63,73,98,113,147,189,203,216,245],"Covid-19":[15],"crisis":[16],"and":[17,43,72,93,103,157,164,195,251],"first":[19],"month":[20],"lockdown":[23,104,118,124],"period":[24],"in":[25,119,125,132,175,181,198,210],"South":[26],"Africa.":[27],"Not":[28],"only":[29],"they":[31,55],"much":[32,228],"more":[33,187,214],"likely":[34],"than":[35,215,233],"men":[36,94,165,174,185,205,234],"to":[37,46,51,89,101,121,143,201,237,241,243,252],"lose":[38],"their":[39,177,239],"jobs":[40,163],"between":[41,155],"February":[42,156],"April":[44,120,158],"or":[45],"work":[47,244],"fewer":[48],"hours":[49,204,217,247],"compared":[50],"pre-crisis":[53],"period,":[54],"also":[56,225],"took":[57],"on":[58,208,221],"a":[59,67],"greater":[60],"share":[61],"additional":[64],"childcare":[65,77,196,209,236],"as":[66,97,248],"result":[68],"school":[70,193],"closures":[71],"suspension":[74],"all":[76],"services.":[78],"In":[79,183],"this":[80],"policy":[81],"paper,":[82],"we":[83],"use":[84],"2":[86,161],"explore":[90],"how":[91],"have":[95,139],"fared":[96],"economy":[99],"started":[100],"reopen":[102],"restrictions":[105],"relaxed.":[107],"suggest":[110],"with":[112],"move":[114],"Level":[116,122],"5":[117],"3":[123],"June,":[126],"there":[127],"was":[128],"hardly":[129],"any":[130],"change":[131],"employment":[133,179],"levels":[134,180],"overall.":[135],"However,":[136],"may":[138],"gained":[140],"slightly":[141],"relative":[142],"men.":[144],"Nonetheless,":[145],"given":[146],"very":[148],"large":[149],"job":[150],"losses":[151],"recorded":[152],"among":[153],"(women":[159],"lost":[160],"million":[162,167],"jobs),":[168],"still":[170],"remained":[171],"well":[172],"behind":[173],"reaching":[176],"pre-Covid":[178],"June.":[182,199],"contrast,":[184],"benefited":[186],"reopening":[190],"some":[192],"grades":[194],"services":[197],"Compared":[200],"April,":[202],"reported":[206,219],"spending":[207,220],"June":[211],"fell":[212],"childcare.":[222],"show":[226],"higher":[229],"numbers":[230],"found":[235],"affect":[238],"ability":[240],"work,":[242],"same":[246],"before":[249],"lockdown,":[250],"search":[253],"for":[254],"work.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2020-12-07T00:00:00"}
