{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107571817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239819","title":"Field and Modeling Study on Manual and Automatic Irrigation Scheduling under Deficit Irrigation of Greenhouse Cucumber","display_name":"Field and Modeling Study on Manual and Automatic Irrigation Scheduling under Deficit Irrigation of Greenhouse Cucumber","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107571817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239819","mag":"3107571817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su12239819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239819","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/23/9819/pdf?version=1607433825","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/23/9819/pdf?version=1607433825","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108785873","display_name":"R. E. Abdelraouf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-0558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-0558"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdelraouf R. E.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department, Agricultural and Biological Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department, Agricultural and Biological Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043883128","display_name":"Hamed G. Ghanem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. G. Ghanem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089390097","display_name":"Najat Abdullah Wahab Bukhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1609-4235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1609-4235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najat A. Bukhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110725973","display_name":"Mohamed E. El-Zaidy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0069-8782","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0069-8782"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed El-Zaidy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108785873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"fwci":0.6104,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67875485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"23","first_page":"9819","last_page":"9819"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deficit-irrigation","display_name":"deficit irrigation","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-cucumber","display_name":"greenhouse cucumber","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-productivity","display_name":"water productivity","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-uptake","display_name":"nitrogen uptake","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area","display_name":"leaf area","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll-content","display_name":"chlorophyll content","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saltmed-model","display_name":"SALTMED model","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-growth-model","display_name":"crop growth simulation","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-saving-irrigation","display_name":"water-saving irrigation","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-greenhouse","display_name":"plastic greenhouse","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.8698259592056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195092306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3777161","display_name":"Deficit irrigation","level":4,"score":0.7421256303787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073845","display_name":"Irrigation scheduling","level":3,"score":0.7401983737945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6722209453582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32198211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165044","display_name":"Greenhouse","level":2,"score":0.6100526452064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112077630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623678","display_name":"Irrigation management","level":3,"score":0.4631563723087311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.4537246525287628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.4356156885623932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3618691563606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1311642825603485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09634658694267273}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su12239819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239819","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/23/9819/pdf?version=1607433825","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:23:p:9819-:d:450302","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/23/9819/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f7ce845035034bc48bd961e7c61de878","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f7ce845035034bc48bd961e7c61de878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 9819, p 9819 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su12239819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239819","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/23/9819/pdf?version=1607433825","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107571817.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107571817.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105883256","https://openalex.org/W286172357","https://openalex.org/W1546399941","https://openalex.org/W1586778579","https://openalex.org/W1598762829","https://openalex.org/W1970385034","https://openalex.org/W1971299224","https://openalex.org/W1995951970","https://openalex.org/W1998675397","https://openalex.org/W2007442358","https://openalex.org/W2016195498","https://openalex.org/W2019166623","https://openalex.org/W2019306000","https://openalex.org/W2020116326","https://openalex.org/W2027286931","https://openalex.org/W2029805354","https://openalex.org/W2036851936","https://openalex.org/W2048832341","https://openalex.org/W2049733809","https://openalex.org/W2090044406","https://openalex.org/W2099770092","https://openalex.org/W2101870327","https://openalex.org/W2106672917","https://openalex.org/W2107914538","https://openalex.org/W2121710101","https://openalex.org/W2128690956","https://openalex.org/W2136721617","https://openalex.org/W2143465018","https://openalex.org/W2165597353","https://openalex.org/W2184328340","https://openalex.org/W2200385461","https://openalex.org/W2321717329","https://openalex.org/W2393351044","https://openalex.org/W2477197985","https://openalex.org/W2495063084","https://openalex.org/W2518359935","https://openalex.org/W2562738030","https://openalex.org/W2792667893","https://openalex.org/W2801513126","https://openalex.org/W2802648125","https://openalex.org/W2884171910","https://openalex.org/W2958948048","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4381805327","https://openalex.org/W6610364649","https://openalex.org/W7029149628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230410086","https://openalex.org/W4312036987","https://openalex.org/W7215128853","https://openalex.org/W2036341756","https://openalex.org/W2330193344","https://openalex.org/W2089873076","https://openalex.org/W2029805354","https://openalex.org/W4386377290","https://openalex.org/W1989102910","https://openalex.org/W7170150214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,283],"primary":[1],"goal":[2],"of":[3,10,54,73,82,123,128,132,144,148,162,193,214,228,234,243,255,265,272,288,312,329],"all":[4,35,287,315],"those":[5],"working":[6],"in":[7,15,67,113,156,187,202],"the":[8,16,40,48,71,78,83,114,135,142,145,149,157,163,173,178,191,206,211,231,289,304,307,318,326],"field":[9,60],"sustainable":[11],"water":[12,28,32,52,180,226,274,310],"management,":[13],"particularly":[14],"arid":[17],"and":[18,30,44,51,75,107,117,130,159,197,210,225,253,267,299,309,323,334],"semi-arid":[19],"zones,":[20],"is":[21,259],"to":[22,100,153,184,204,261,279],"increase":[23,186],"irrigation":[24,27,42,45,102,120,125,150,167,240,273],"efficiency,":[25],"reduce":[26],"losses,":[29],"improve":[31],"productivity":[33,53,158,227,236,311],"for":[34,172,295,314,317],"crops.":[36],"This":[37,182],"study":[38],"assessed":[39],"automatic":[41,108,146],"scheduling":[43,103],"management":[46],"on":[47,222],"growth,":[49],"yield,":[50,308],"cucumber":[55,65,164,235,313],"under":[56,177],"greenhouse":[57,69],"conditions.":[58],"A":[59],"experiment":[61],"was":[62,139],"conducted":[63],"using":[64],"grown":[66],"aplastic":[68],"during":[70],"winter":[72],"2017/18":[74,322],"2018/19":[76],"at":[77,190,241,263],"research":[79],"farm":[80],"station":[81],"National":[84],"Research":[85],"Centre":[86],"(NRC),":[87],"El-Noubaria":[88],"Region,":[89],"Behaira":[90],"Governorate,":[91],"Egypt.":[92],"In":[93],"a":[94,219],"split-plot":[95],"experiment,":[96],"two":[97,319],"different":[98],"methods":[99],"control":[101,105,109,147,168],"(manual":[104],"(MC)":[106],"(AC))":[110],"were":[111,237,246],"used":[112,278],"main":[115],"plots":[116],"three":[118],"deficit":[119],"treatments":[121,316],"(100%":[122],"full":[124],"(FI),":[126],"80%":[127,254,264],"FI,":[129,244,256,266],"60%":[131],"FI).":[133],"Through":[134],"obtained":[136,238],"results,":[137],"it":[138,258],"found":[140],"that":[141,275],"use":[143],"schedule":[151],"led":[152,183],"an":[154,185],"improvement":[155],"quality":[160],"characteristics":[161],"crop.":[165],"Automatic":[166],"created":[169],"healthy":[170],"conditions":[171],"plant":[174],"roots":[175],"located":[176],"least":[179],"stress.":[181],"nitrogen":[188],"uptake":[189],"ages":[192],"3,":[194],"5,":[195],"7,":[196],"9":[198],"weeks":[199],"after":[200],"planting":[201],"addition":[203],"improving":[205],"total":[207],"leaf":[208],"area":[209],"chlorophyll":[212],"content":[213,298],"leaves,":[215],"which":[216],"consequently":[217],"had":[218],"greater":[220],"effect":[221],"increasing":[223],"yield":[224],"cucumber.":[229],"Although":[230],"highest":[232],"values":[233],"with":[239,325],"100%":[242,251],"there":[245],"no":[247],"significant":[248],"differences":[249],"between":[250],"FI":[252],"therefore":[257],"preferable":[260],"irrigate":[262,280],"this":[268],"means":[269],"saving":[270],"20%":[271],"can":[276],"be":[277],"other":[281],"areas.":[282],"SALTMED":[284],"model":[285],"simulating":[286],"following":[290],"evaluation":[291],"criteria":[292],"performed":[293],"well":[294,302],"soil":[296],"moisture":[297],"N-uptake":[300],"as":[301,303],"leaves":[305],"area,":[306],"growing":[320],"seasons":[321],"2018/19,":[324],"overall":[327],"R2":[328],"0.882,":[330],"0.903,":[331],"0.975,":[332],"0.907,":[333],"0.933,":[335],"respectively.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2020-12-07T00:00:00"}
