{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107495239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968320975439","title":"Five Features to Look for in Early-Phase Clinical Intervention Studies","display_name":"Five Features to Look for in Early-Phase Clinical Intervention Studies","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107495239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968320975439","mag":"3107495239","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33243083","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9873309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1545968320975439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968320975439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968320975439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4873485","display_name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","issn_l":"0888-4390","issn":["0888-4390","1545-9683","1552-6844"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zvx3b","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041459591","display_name":"Jonathan Sanching Tsay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-9023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-9023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan S. Tsay","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-9023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031159209","display_name":"Carolee Joyce Winstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9789-4626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9789-4626"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolee J. Winstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041459591"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1083,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7997576,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroplasticity","display_name":"neuroplasticity","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-recovery","display_name":"motor recovery","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-rehabilitation","display_name":"stroke rehabilitation","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"compensation","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-translation","display_name":"clinical translation","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence-based-practice","display_name":"evidence-based practice","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation-sciences","display_name":"rehabilitation sciences","score":0.41100001335144043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510101","display_name":"Neurorehabilitation","level":3,"score":0.8101740479469299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6977090835571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5500355362892151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141330323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2354820","display_name":"Evidence-based practice","level":3,"score":0.4984912872314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.471698522567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45312264561653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42369064688682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.4098074734210968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.34985849261283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3320119082927704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.3265089988708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.25718075037002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1746756136417389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.16817769408226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.15991425514221191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066530","descriptor_name":"Neurological Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066530","descriptor_name":"Neurological Rehabilitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068456","descriptor_name":"Clinical Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068456","descriptor_name":"Clinical Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009473","descriptor_name":"Neuronal Plasticity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017063","descriptor_name":"Outcome Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017063","descriptor_name":"Outcome Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1545968320975439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968320975439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968320975439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4873485","display_name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","issn_l":"0888-4390","issn":["0888-4390","1545-9683","1552-6844"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/zvx3b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zvx3b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zvx3b","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:33243083","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33243083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9873309","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9873309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E0021-DFB-671","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.31234/OSF.IO/ZVX3B","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:e814e721-9be6-4778-ba59-5129c2d1a9b1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/zvx3b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/zvx3b","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zvx3b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zvx3b","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9907000064849854,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8981589863","display_name":"Neural Mechanisms Supporting Implicit and Explicit Sensorimotor Learning","funder_award_id":"F31NS120448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311480","display_name":"Foundation for Physical Therapy","ror":"https://ror.org/015wb9p75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1631652290","https://openalex.org/W1781000532","https://openalex.org/W1879925491","https://openalex.org/W1964143171","https://openalex.org/W1966155655","https://openalex.org/W1966869460","https://openalex.org/W1967063999","https://openalex.org/W1981136283","https://openalex.org/W1981990510","https://openalex.org/W1992286620","https://openalex.org/W1994849008","https://openalex.org/W1997220123","https://openalex.org/W2011899692","https://openalex.org/W2019939087","https://openalex.org/W2030059276","https://openalex.org/W2041098393","https://openalex.org/W2045087069","https://openalex.org/W2049929913","https://openalex.org/W2052118715","https://openalex.org/W2054282296","https://openalex.org/W2056106925","https://openalex.org/W2064847441","https://openalex.org/W2067071866","https://openalex.org/W2069178071","https://openalex.org/W2074447839","https://openalex.org/W2075358425","https://openalex.org/W2077366304","https://openalex.org/W2090075030","https://openalex.org/W2091927416","https://openalex.org/W2096868672","https://openalex.org/W2099869876","https://openalex.org/W2099909796","https://openalex.org/W2106666697","https://openalex.org/W2109152967","https://openalex.org/W2112471413","https://openalex.org/W2113358908","https://openalex.org/W2114413162","https://openalex.org/W2115325469","https://openalex.org/W2118660285","https://openalex.org/W2119879155","https://openalex.org/W2126207406","https://openalex.org/W2131467344","https://openalex.org/W2133913526","https://openalex.org/W2140952786","https://openalex.org/W2141596183","https://openalex.org/W2141711957","https://openalex.org/W2141800837","https://openalex.org/W2149973323","https://openalex.org/W2160523181","https://openalex.org/W2164535356","https://openalex.org/W2164893532","https://openalex.org/W2168493280","https://openalex.org/W2227012606","https://openalex.org/W2269085526","https://openalex.org/W2320466842","https://openalex.org/W2320624216","https://openalex.org/W2330524754","https://openalex.org/W2340536965","https://openalex.org/W2342925794","https://openalex.org/W2406865504","https://openalex.org/W2482560855","https://openalex.org/W2611398087","https://openalex.org/W2747828035","https://openalex.org/W2754349288","https://openalex.org/W2759752365","https://openalex.org/W2780516944","https://openalex.org/W2786731376","https://openalex.org/W2791241457","https://openalex.org/W2802327246","https://openalex.org/W2827735207","https://openalex.org/W2914392737","https://openalex.org/W2917196673","https://openalex.org/W2964665817","https://openalex.org/W2982525024","https://openalex.org/W3004244623","https://openalex.org/W3080232056","https://openalex.org/W3138926520","https://openalex.org/W4231063556","https://openalex.org/W4234478818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990939922","https://openalex.org/W2062488834","https://openalex.org/W6960253535","https://openalex.org/W2052343187","https://openalex.org/W2318991493","https://openalex.org/W2884192287","https://openalex.org/W3156124883","https://openalex.org/W2747828035","https://openalex.org/W2347001277","https://openalex.org/W2163116676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neurorehabilitation":[0],"relies":[1],"on":[2,42],"core":[3],"principles":[4,24,44],"of":[5,51,177],"neuroplasticity":[6],"to":[7,28,38,54,74,172,191,203],"activate":[8],"and":[9,17,31,62,109,145,162,180,185],"engage":[10],"latent":[11],"neural":[12],"connections,":[13],"promote":[14,29,99,164],"detour":[15],"circuits,":[16],"reverse":[18],"impairments.":[19],"Clinical":[20],"interventions":[21,40],"incorporating":[22],"these":[23,43,89],"have":[25],"been":[26],"shown":[27],"recovery":[30,113,131],"demote":[32],"compensation.":[33],"However,":[34],"many":[35],"clinicians":[36,73],"struggle":[37],"find":[39],"centered":[41],"in":[45,120],"our":[46],"nascent,":[47],"rapidly":[48],"growing":[49],"body":[50],"literature.":[52],"Not":[53],"mention":[55],"the":[56,103,106,110,127,134],"immense":[57],"pressure":[58],"from":[59,88],"regulatory":[60],"bodies":[61],"organizational":[63],"balance":[64],"sheets":[65],"that":[66,86,93,98,125],"further":[67],"discourage":[68],"time-intensive":[69],"recovery-promoting":[70],"interventions,":[71],"incentivizing":[72],"prioritize":[75],"practical":[76,156],"constraints":[77],"over":[78,96,133],"sound":[79],"clinical":[80,122,160],"decision":[81],"making.":[82],"Modern":[83],"neurorehabilitation":[84],"practices":[85],"result":[87],"pressures":[90],"favor":[91],"strategies":[92],"encourage":[94],"compensation":[95],"those":[97],"recovery.":[100],"To":[101],"narrow":[102],"gap":[104],"between":[105],"busy":[107],"clinician":[108],"cutting-edge":[111],"motor":[112],"literature,":[114],"we":[115],"distilled":[116],"5":[117],"features":[118],"found":[119],"early-phase":[121],"intervention":[123],"studies-ones":[124],"value":[126],"more":[128,135],"enduring":[129],"biological":[130],"processes":[132],"immediate":[136],"compensatory":[137],"remedies.":[138],"Filtering":[139],"emerging":[140],"literature":[141],"through":[142],"this":[143],"lens":[144],"routinely":[146],"integrating":[147],"promising":[148],"research":[149,186],"into":[150],"daily":[151],"practice":[152],"can":[153],"break":[154],"down":[155],"barriers":[157],"for":[158],"effective":[159],"translation":[161],"ultimately":[163],"durable":[165],"long-term":[166],"outcomes.":[167],"This":[168],"perspective":[169],"is":[170],"meant":[171],"serve":[173],"a":[174],"new":[175],"generation":[176],"mechanistically":[178],"minded":[179],"caring":[181],"clinicians,":[182],"students,":[183],"activists,":[184],"trainees,":[187],"who":[188],"are":[189],"poised":[190],"not":[192],"only":[193],"advance":[194],"rehabilitation":[195],"science,":[196],"but":[197],"also":[198],"erect":[199],"evidence-based":[200],"policy":[201],"changes":[202],"accelerate":[204],"recovery-based":[205],"stroke":[206],"care.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2020-12-07T00:00:00"}