{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3106822276","doi":null,"title":"Politics, strategy and tactics: Rethinking the levels of war","display_name":"Politics, strategy and tactics: Rethinking the levels of war","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3106822276","mag":"3106822276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3106822276","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=333492938205716;res=IELAPA","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4389157921","display_name":"Australian Army Journal","issn_l":"1448-2843","issn":["1448-2843","2200-0992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Australian Army Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001334814","display_name":"Will Viggers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Will Viggers","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001334814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"47","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13494","display_name":"Military History and Strategy","score":0.7240999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13494","display_name":"Military History and Strategy","score":0.7240999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12888","display_name":"Military Strategy and Technology","score":0.2694999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14423","display_name":"Military Technology and Strategies","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levels-of-war","display_name":"levels of war","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-doctrine","display_name":"military doctrine","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-level-of-war","display_name":"operational level of war","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-strategy","display_name":"military strategy","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-tactics","display_name":"military tactics","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-terminology","display_name":"military terminology","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6589991450309753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.6500668525695801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541409800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15680550","display_name":"Military theory","level":3,"score":0.6070975661277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776211767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117850","display_name":"Doctrine","level":2,"score":0.6052566170692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5904418230056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778007780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140224","display_name":"Military doctrine","level":3,"score":0.5887108445167542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205960476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2287072","display_name":"Operational level of war","level":4,"score":0.5575458407402039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.5254339575767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118813454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219087","display_name":"Military strategy","level":2,"score":0.5206543803215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190989730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207645","display_name":"Military tactics","level":2,"score":0.5159361958503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5003335475921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515798048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491429","display_name":"Military terminology","level":5,"score":0.44815126061439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44290873408317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C451841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192386","display_name":"Military science","level":2,"score":0.41475093364715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690689","display_name":"Revolution in Military Affairs","level":3,"score":0.414736807346344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120302604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149403","display_name":"Military operations other than war","level":3,"score":0.40962228178977966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.39114952087402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.38597074151039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3806910514831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.32692188024520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27611300349235535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503427281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1262403","display_name":"Military sociology","level":4,"score":0.2392544150352478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22805139422416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16505199670791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122133782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7303654","display_name":"Red Army's tactics in World War II","level":3,"score":0.10053837299346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3106822276","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=333492938205716;res=IELAPA","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4389157921","display_name":"Australian Army Journal","issn_l":"1448-2843","issn":["1448-2843","2200-0992"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Australian Army Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7042429721","https://openalex.org/W4255873935","https://openalex.org/W7006147387","https://openalex.org/W1521933192","https://openalex.org/W7014102920","https://openalex.org/W2076374413","https://openalex.org/W4394696978","https://openalex.org/W320724219","https://openalex.org/W305423709","https://openalex.org/W6941249244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,34],"'levels":[1],"of":[2,48,64,81,84,104,130,133],"war'":[3],"is":[4,29,93,163],"a":[5,66,138,164],"doctrinal":[6],"construct":[7,142],"which":[8,19],"describes":[9],"the":[10,43,52,78,82,91,114,131],"way":[11,115,157],"political":[12,70,165],"objectives":[13,152],"are":[14,56,145,159],"translated":[15],"into":[16],"military":[17,73,116],"strategies":[18],"in":[20],"turn":[21],"guide":[22],"tactical":[23,76],"actions.":[24],"Or":[25],"at":[26],"least":[27],"that":[28,161],"what":[30],"it":[31],"should":[32],"be.":[33],"operational":[35,102,107],"level":[36],"has":[37,110],"been":[38],"expanded":[39],"and":[40,59,62,75,106,119,135,140,153,170],"redefined":[41],"over":[42],"last":[44],"century":[45],"by":[46,168,172],"writers":[47],"Western":[49],"doctrine.":[50],"Unfortunately,":[51],"distinctions":[53],"between":[54],"levels":[55,83,132,144],"now":[57],"blurred":[58],"unnecessarily":[60],"complex,":[61],"instead":[63,137],"illuminating":[65],"logical":[67],"thread":[68],"from":[69],"direction":[71],"to":[72,95,149],"strategy":[74,169],"action,":[77],"current":[79],"definitions":[80,129],"war":[85,134,162],"arguably":[86],"obscure":[87],"its":[88],"logic.":[89],"Furthermore,":[90],"terminology":[92],"prone":[94],"confusion":[96],"with":[97],"other":[98],"'operational'":[99],"concepts":[100],"like":[101],"echelons":[103],"command":[105],"theatres.":[108],"This":[109,124],"grave":[111],"consequences":[112],"for":[113],"professionals":[117],"define":[118],"therefore":[120],"think":[121],"about":[122],"warfare.":[123],"article":[125],"directly":[126],"challenges":[127],"contemporary":[128],"proposes":[136],"simple":[139],"coherent":[141],"where":[143],"clearly":[146],"distinguished":[147],"according":[148],"their":[150],"functions,":[151],"characteristics.":[154],"In":[155],"this":[156],"readers":[158],"reminded":[160],"instrument,":[166],"shaped":[167],"executed":[171],"tactics.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T06:02:39.697066","created_date":"2020-12-07T00:00:00"}