{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3106541540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01877-2020","title":"Nitrogen dioxide increases the risk of mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","display_name":"Nitrogen dioxide increases the risk of mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3106541540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01877-2020","mag":"3106541540","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33184121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1183/13993003.01877-2020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01877-2020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01877-2020","pdf_url":"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/57/5/2001877.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207896","display_name":"European Respiratory Journal","issn_l":"0903-1936","issn":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317833","host_organization_name":"European Respiratory Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317833"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Respiratory Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Respiratory Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W3106541540"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/57/5/2001877.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000804673","display_name":"Hee\u2010Young Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-1374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-1374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hee-Young Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333103","display_name":"Sun\u2010Young Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7110-3395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7110-3395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120052","display_name":"National Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02tsanh21","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290491151","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210120052"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun-Young Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057849334","display_name":"Ok\u2010Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-5005","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-5005"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120052","display_name":"National Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02tsanh21","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290491151","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210120052"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ok-Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055570107","display_name":"Jin Woo Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5121-3522","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5121-3522"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Woo Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5121-3522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7344,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91345307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"5","first_page":"2001877","last_page":"2001877"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.8960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.8960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10870","display_name":"Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","score":0.09359999746084213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis","display_name":"idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-dioxide","display_name":"nitrogen dioxide","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm10","display_name":"PM10","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-matter","display_name":"particulate matter","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-transplantation","display_name":"lung transplantation","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elderly-male","display_name":"elderly man","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-prediction-models","display_name":"exposure prediction models","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.7229999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9426405429840088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.600178062915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5911309719085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.5899574756622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778341716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290446","display_name":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","level":3,"score":0.56461101770401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637912","display_name":"Lung transplantation","level":3,"score":0.4614258110523224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780723490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207895","display_name":"Nitrogen dioxide","level":2,"score":0.441081166267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3225975036621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911091166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106419912","display_name":"Transplantation","level":2,"score":0.29877084493637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.2657967209815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.1423909068107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000397","descriptor_name":"Air Pollution","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004781","descriptor_name":"Environmental Exposure","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009585","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D052638","descriptor_name":"Particulate Matter","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054990","descriptor_name":"Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1183/13993003.01877-2020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01877-2020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01877-2020","pdf_url":"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/57/5/2001877.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207896","display_name":"European Respiratory Journal","issn_l":"0903-1936","issn":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317833","host_organization_name":"European Respiratory Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317833"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Respiratory Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Respiratory Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33184121","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33184121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The European respiratory journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1183/13993003.01877-2020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01877-2020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01877-2020","pdf_url":"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/57/5/2001877.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207896","display_name":"European Respiratory Journal","issn_l":"0903-1936","issn":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317833","host_organization_name":"European Respiratory Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317833"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Respiratory Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Respiratory Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1141666130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCC-1810220-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322052","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3689207291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1A2C2008541","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6510206671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020IL0036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323011","funder_display_name":"Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7904737006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018R1A2B6004608","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321309","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322052","display_name":"National Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02tsanh21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323011","display_name":"Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3106541540.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3106541540.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6447502","https://openalex.org/W115029397","https://openalex.org/W207017219","https://openalex.org/W1522296012","https://openalex.org/W1860863518","https://openalex.org/W1924766221","https://openalex.org/W1984509403","https://openalex.org/W1992316572","https://openalex.org/W2016513200","https://openalex.org/W2021329998","https://openalex.org/W2026420714","https://openalex.org/W2074000402","https://openalex.org/W2093709462","https://openalex.org/W2116298059","https://openalex.org/W2117488044","https://openalex.org/W2123137799","https://openalex.org/W2125078269","https://openalex.org/W2128169271","https://openalex.org/W2132935561","https://openalex.org/W2134867579","https://openalex.org/W2136331793","https://openalex.org/W2136410669","https://openalex.org/W2141922649","https://openalex.org/W2143924572","https://openalex.org/W2146965595","https://openalex.org/W2157261816","https://openalex.org/W2167383172","https://openalex.org/W2173698021","https://openalex.org/W2181531051","https://openalex.org/W2199497720","https://openalex.org/W2404844669","https://openalex.org/W2604949931","https://openalex.org/W2743080541","https://openalex.org/W2744401622","https://openalex.org/W2758529844","https://openalex.org/W2783594067","https://openalex.org/W2784855085","https://openalex.org/W2980309524","https://openalex.org/W2990638839","https://openalex.org/W4245176606","https://openalex.org/W4245666729","https://openalex.org/W4322715312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2989603307","https://openalex.org/W4296447898","https://openalex.org/W3163252476","https://openalex.org/W7131308758","https://openalex.org/W4404104234","https://openalex.org/W3192441794","https://openalex.org/W4244262701","https://openalex.org/W3195695513","https://openalex.org/W2784855085","https://openalex.org/W2743080541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ambient":[0],"air":[1],"pollution":[2],"is":[3],"associated":[4,133,204],"with":[5,26,53,134,187,205,234],"the":[6,18,112,168,184,228],"prognosis":[7],"of":[8,20,32,67,72,84,111,230],"idiopathic":[9],"pulmonary":[10],"fibrosis":[11],"(IPF)":[12],"patients.":[13],"We":[14],"aimed":[15],"to":[16,23,225],"identify":[17],"impacts":[19],"individual":[21],"exposure":[22,79,224],"particulate":[24],"matter":[25],"a":[27,77,91,126,135,161],"50%":[28],"cut-off":[29],"aerodynamic":[30],"diameter":[31],"10":[33,127],"\u03bcm":[34],"(PM10)":[35],"and":[36,57,99,109,123,180,211],"nitrogen":[37],"dioxide":[38],"(NO2)":[39],"on":[40],"IPF":[41,54,149,206],"patients'":[42],"mortality.":[43],"1114":[44],"patients":[45,73,113,150,210,233],"(mean":[46],"age":[47,154,179,216],"65.7":[48],"years;":[49],"male":[50],"80.5%)":[51],"diagnosed":[52],"between":[55],"1995":[56],"2016":[58],"were":[59,74,151],"included":[60],"in":[61,130,138,167,189,199,208,212,232,237],"this":[62],"study.":[63],"Individual-level":[64],"long-term":[65],"concentrations":[66],"PM10and":[68,85],"NO2at":[69],"residential":[70],"addresses":[71],"estimated":[75,89],"using":[76,90],"national-scale":[78],"prediction":[80],"model.":[81],"The":[82,102],"effect":[83],"NO2on":[86],"mortality":[87,139,166,188,207,231],"was":[88,106,132],"Cox":[92],"proportional":[93],"hazards":[94],"model":[95],"adjusted":[96,120],"for":[97,121,165],"individual-":[98,122],"area-level":[100,124],"covariates.":[101],"median":[103],"follow-up":[104],"period":[105],"3.8":[107],"years":[108],"69.5%":[110],"died":[114],"or":[115,157,217],"underwent":[116],"lung":[117],"transplantation.":[118],"When":[119,148,176],"covariates,":[125],"ppb":[128],"increase":[129,137,227],"NO2concentration":[131],"17%":[136],"(hazard":[140],"ratio":[141],"(HR)":[142],"1.172,":[143],"95%":[144,172,194],"CI":[145,173,195],"1.030\u20131.344;":[146],"p=0.016).":[147],"stratified":[152,177,214],"by":[153,158,178,215],"(\u226565versus<65":[155],"years)":[156],"sex,":[159],"NO2was":[160],"significant":[162],"prognostic":[163],"factor":[164],"elderly":[169,190,238],"(HR":[170,192],"1.331,":[171],"1.010\u20131.598;":[174],"p=0.010).":[175],"sex":[181],"jointly,":[182],"NO2showed":[183],"stronger":[185],"association":[186],"males":[191],"1.305,":[193],"1.072\u20131.598;":[196],"p=0.008)":[197],"than":[198],"other":[200],"groups.":[201],"PM10was":[202],"not":[203],"all":[209],"subgroups":[213],"sex.":[218],"Our":[219],"findings":[220],"suggest":[221],"that":[222],"increased":[223],"NO2can":[226],"risk":[229],"IPF,":[235],"specifically":[236],"males.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}