{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3106312846","doi":null,"title":"MASSES OF NEARBY SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES WITH VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY","display_name":"MASSES OF NEARBY SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES WITH VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3106312846","mag":"3106312846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/95499","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Astronomical Society","raw_type":"Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95499","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Johannsen, Tim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannsen, Tim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics and Astronomy Departments, University of Arizona, 933\u00a0N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Astronomy Departments, University of Arizona, 933\u00a0N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108107232","display_name":"Dimitrios Psaltis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-3240","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-3240"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Psaltis, Dimitrios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics and Astronomy Departments, University of Arizona, 933\u00a0N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Astronomy Departments, University of Arizona, 933\u00a0N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070619820","display_name":"S. Gillessen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5708-0481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5708-0481"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091772","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4bwe12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gillessen, Stefan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institut f\u00fcr Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstra\u00dfe, D-85748 Garching, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institut f\u00fcr Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstra\u00dfe, D-85748 Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031587586","display_name":"Daniel P. Marrone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-1080","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-1080"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marrone, Daniel P.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics and Astronomy Departments, University of Arizona, 933\u00a0N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Astronomy Departments, University of Arizona, 933\u00a0N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041218503","display_name":"Vincent L. Fish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7128-9345","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7128-9345"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fish, Vincent L.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics and Astronomy Departments, University of Arizona, 933\u00a0N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Astronomy Departments, University of Arizona, 933\u00a0N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023737919","display_name":"Sheperd S. Doeleman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-0904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-0904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doeleman, Sheperd Samuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Haystack Observatory, Route 40, Westford, MA 01886, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Haystack Observatory, Route 40, Westford, MA 01886, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074955362","display_name":"Feryal \u00d6zel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4413-1523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4413-1523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozel, Feryal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Haystack Observatory, Route 40, Westford, MA 01886, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Haystack Observatory, Route 40, Westford, MA 01886, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84951409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supermassive-black-holes","display_name":"supermassive black holes","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sgr-a","display_name":"Sgr A*","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-mass-estimation","display_name":"black hole mass estimation","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-long-baseline-interferometry","display_name":"very long baseline interferometry","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-shadow","display_name":"black hole shadow","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-vlbi","display_name":"space VLBI","score":0.8149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79896159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148351","display_name":"Very-long-baseline interferometry","level":2,"score":0.9650183916091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173120059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40392","display_name":"Supermassive black hole","level":3,"score":0.9369304180145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8438549041748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.6083752512931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.5366401672363281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64828349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120200","display_name":"Ephemeris","level":3,"score":0.49264198541641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188232333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2406056","display_name":"Mass ratio","level":2,"score":0.42473912239074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.42170950770378113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.13095620274543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.08285519480705261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/95499","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Astronomical Society","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1611157","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-000E-7ADA-F","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/95499","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Astronomical Society","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1646457983","https://openalex.org/W1671491566","https://openalex.org/W1875404698","https://openalex.org/W1935714175","https://openalex.org/W1965491054","https://openalex.org/W1965793478","https://openalex.org/W1966544164","https://openalex.org/W1993139200","https://openalex.org/W1999612779","https://openalex.org/W2002811240","https://openalex.org/W2005770392","https://openalex.org/W2006900906","https://openalex.org/W2015011282","https://openalex.org/W2019449360","https://openalex.org/W2020643684","https://openalex.org/W2027321302","https://openalex.org/W2029054122","https://openalex.org/W2031106768","https://openalex.org/W2035538351","https://openalex.org/W2037895402","https://openalex.org/W2038551992","https://openalex.org/W2049319759","https://openalex.org/W2050193842","https://openalex.org/W2050637585","https://openalex.org/W2051864624","https://openalex.org/W2055299974","https://openalex.org/W2057003433","https://openalex.org/W2062839084","https://openalex.org/W2062963547","https://openalex.org/W2064529306","https://openalex.org/W2065104492","https://openalex.org/W2071530494","https://openalex.org/W2072579286","https://openalex.org/W2100306218","https://openalex.org/W2101335960","https://openalex.org/W2110284565","https://openalex.org/W2112656871","https://openalex.org/W2117092829","https://openalex.org/W2120971047","https://openalex.org/W2123791503","https://openalex.org/W2124000402","https://openalex.org/W2127290283","https://openalex.org/W2131574122","https://openalex.org/W2145059216","https://openalex.org/W2145821444","https://openalex.org/W2149759039","https://openalex.org/W2150151189","https://openalex.org/W2165875176","https://openalex.org/W2244946426","https://openalex.org/W3098591276","https://openalex.org/W3099557345","https://openalex.org/W3099961299","https://openalex.org/W3101531709","https://openalex.org/W3105851565","https://openalex.org/W3111768468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150318769","https://openalex.org/W1971831870","https://openalex.org/W7166652158","https://openalex.org/W3011543682","https://openalex.org/W2888106424","https://openalex.org/W2950594173","https://openalex.org/W1555711794","https://openalex.org/W7095970078","https://openalex.org/W2037852420","https://openalex.org/W2159376552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dynamical":[0],"mass":[1,10,40,92,132,168,243],"measurements":[2,31,100,129],"to":[3,123,176,198],"date":[4],"have":[5,197],"allowed":[6],"determinations":[7],"of":[8,16,19,27,68,87,98,104,107,115,121,130,135,142,172,182,191,209,213],"the":[9,13,25,39,66,85,89,96,105,112,131,139,143,164,167,177,180,188,206,210,221],"M":[11,46],"and":[12,41,62,93,101,126,133,146,219],"distance":[14,42,94,134],"D":[15,48],"a":[17,35,60,69,170,232],"number":[18],"nearby":[20,215],"supermassive":[21,70,216],"black":[22,71,217],"holes.":[23],"In":[24,80,202],"case":[26],"Sgr":[28,108,136,225],"A*,":[29],"these":[30],"are":[32],"limited":[33],"by":[34,169,231],"strong":[36],"correlation":[37,90],"between":[38,91],"scaling":[43],"roughly":[44],"as":[45],"~":[47],"[superscript":[49],"2].":[50],"Future":[51],"very":[52],"long":[53],"baseline":[54],"interferometric":[55],"(VLBI)":[56],"observations":[57,158,196],"will":[58],"image":[59,145],"bright":[61,211],"narrow":[63],"ring":[64,106,144],"surrounding":[65],"shadow":[67],"hole,":[72],"if":[73],"its":[74],"accretion":[75],"flow":[76],"is":[77],"optically":[78],"thin.":[79],"this":[81,154],"paper,":[82],"we":[83,127,204],"explore":[84],"prospects":[86],"reducing":[88],"with":[95],"combination":[97],"dynamical":[99],"VLBI":[102,117,157,234],"imaging":[103,195],"A*.":[109],"We":[110,150,186],"estimate":[111],"signal-to-noise":[113],"ratio":[114],"near-future":[116],"arrays":[118],"that":[119,193,227],"consist":[120],"five":[122],"six":[124],"stations,":[125],"simulate":[128],"A*":[137,226],"using":[138],"expected":[140],"size":[141],"existing":[147],"stellar":[148,183],"ephemerides.":[149],"demonstrate":[151],"that,":[152],"in":[153],"best-case":[155],"scenario,":[156],"at":[159],"1":[160],"mm":[161],"can":[162],"improve":[163],"error":[165],"on":[166],"factor":[171],"about":[173],"two":[174],"compared":[175],"results":[178],"from":[179],"monitoring":[181],"orbits":[184],"alone.":[185],"identify":[187,220],"additional":[189],"sources":[190],"uncertainty":[192],"such":[194],"take":[199],"into":[200],"account.":[201],"addition,":[203],"calculate":[205],"angular":[207],"diameters":[208],"rings":[212],"other":[214],"holes":[218],"optimal":[222],"targets":[223],"besides":[224],"could":[228],"be":[229],"imaged":[230],"ground-based":[233],"array":[235],"or":[236],"future":[237],"space-VLBI":[238],"missions":[239],"allowing":[240],"for":[241],"refined":[242],"measurements.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}
