{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3105750426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","title":"Adding team-based financial incentives to the Carrot Rewards physical activity app increases daily step count on a population scale: a 24-week matched case control study","display_name":"Adding team-based financial incentives to the Carrot Rewards physical activity app increases daily step count on a population scale: a 24-week matched case control study","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3105750426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","mag":"3105750426","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33208166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","pdf_url":"https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182748528","display_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","issn_l":"1479-5868","issn":["1479-5868"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022985255","display_name":"Emma Pearson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9124-1034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9124-1034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma Pearson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044969632","display_name":"Harry Prapavessis A","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-7316","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-7316"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry Prapavessis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Christopher Higgins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405252500","display_name":"Ivey Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/05esnc164","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732","https://openalex.org/I4405252500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Higgins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ivey Business School, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ivey Business School, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732","https://openalex.org/I4405252500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070128588","display_name":"Robert John Petrella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-1916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-1916","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7750-2696"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Petrella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada","Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013196398","display_name":"Lauren White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-3732","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-3732"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauren White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carrot Insights Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carrot Insights Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088901010","display_name":"Marc Mitchell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-9614","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-9614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marc Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carrot Insights Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada. marc.mitchell@uwo.ca","Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada. marc.mitchell@uwo.ca","Carrot Insights Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada","Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-9614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carrot Insights Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada. marc.mitchell@uwo.ca","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada. marc.mitchell@uwo.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carrot Insights Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, Western University, Arts & Humanities Building, Room 3R12B, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088901010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"apc_list":{"value":2680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2680},"apc_paid":{"value":2680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2680},"fwci":1.4322,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84553187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"139","last_page":"139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.02319999970495701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-health-apps","display_name":"mobile health apps","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-count","display_name":"step count","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/team-based-incentives","display_name":"team-based incentives","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-incentives","display_name":"financial incentives","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/app-engagement","display_name":"app engagement","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-inactivity","display_name":"physical inactivity","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-response-relationship","display_name":"dose-response relationship","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-based-interventions","display_name":"population-level interventions","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069079","display_name":"mHealth","level":3,"score":0.7242593169212341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5829972624778748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.524752140045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4890464246273041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4699404835700989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4488072395324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.39270591735839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.328673779964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.32590845227241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.25784993171691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.18798309564590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.15785828232765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072936","descriptor_name":"Fitness Trackers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072936","descriptor_name":"Fitness Trackers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072936","descriptor_name":"Fitness Trackers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","pdf_url":"https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182748528","display_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","issn_l":"1479-5868","issn":["1479-5868"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-54028/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-54028/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-54028/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-54028/v2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-54028/v2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-54028/v2","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-54028/v2.pdf?c=1631872665000","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-54028/v3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-54028/v3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-54028/v3","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-54028/v3.pdf?c=1603508413000","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:33208166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33208166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7677847","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7677847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:circle.library.ubc.ca:2429/76549","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2429/76549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196297","display_name":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","host_organization_name":"University of British Columbia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c48695f23c0549b48d757944deb29245","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c48695f23c0549b48d757944deb29245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:paedpub-2533","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/paedpub/1525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Paediatrics Publications","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/22909","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","pdf_url":"https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12966-020-01043-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182748528","display_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","issn_l":"1479-5868","issn":["1479-5868"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.5600000023841858}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312568","display_name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/023xf2a37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314607","display_name":"Government of Ontario","ror":"https://ror.org/015pzp858"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320853","display_name":"Public Health Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03ek62e72"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3105750426.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3105750426.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W832738460","https://openalex.org/W1562671047","https://openalex.org/W1570064707","https://openalex.org/W1576162897","https://openalex.org/W1789388849","https://openalex.org/W1911711584","https://openalex.org/W1964148584","https://openalex.org/W1969625852","https://openalex.org/W1971256347","https://openalex.org/W1975984765","https://openalex.org/W1984963575","https://openalex.org/W1993433407","https://openalex.org/W1993501504","https://openalex.org/W2011210303","https://openalex.org/W2025443246","https://openalex.org/W2030081881","https://openalex.org/W2037427175","https://openalex.org/W2037557484","https://openalex.org/W2052729098","https://openalex.org/W2096294278","https://openalex.org/W2096987797","https://openalex.org/W2100949674","https://openalex.org/W2102746067","https://openalex.org/W2109031474","https://openalex.org/W2112709014","https://openalex.org/W2124775720","https://openalex.org/W2128000797","https://openalex.org/W2134658665","https://openalex.org/W2139141017","https://openalex.org/W2142912849","https://openalex.org/W2147604285","https://openalex.org/W2220182234","https://openalex.org/W2297683213","https://openalex.org/W2315472919","https://openalex.org/W2466833385","https://openalex.org/W2471493260","https://openalex.org/W2482857905","https://openalex.org/W2528113844","https://openalex.org/W2560473567","https://openalex.org/W2567443681","https://openalex.org/W2574266291","https://openalex.org/W2597895674","https://openalex.org/W2600230333","https://openalex.org/W2614592413","https://openalex.org/W2727868165","https://openalex.org/W2740445576","https://openalex.org/W2766663738","https://openalex.org/W2770928294","https://openalex.org/W2784300866","https://openalex.org/W2810797565","https://openalex.org/W2818757316","https://openalex.org/W2899195520","https://openalex.org/W2904460099","https://openalex.org/W2945344227","https://openalex.org/W2950377545","https://openalex.org/W2954879979","https://openalex.org/W3010700493","https://openalex.org/W3019273456","https://openalex.org/W3048721975","https://openalex.org/W4299788051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391184000","https://openalex.org/W3157260717","https://openalex.org/W4210372979","https://openalex.org/W4281982548","https://openalex.org/W1989929201","https://openalex.org/W2735645867","https://openalex.org/W2963498005","https://openalex.org/W2328171598","https://openalex.org/W4318480255","https://openalex.org/W2806578822"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Mobile":[2],"health":[3],"applications":[4],"(mHealth":[5],"apps)":[6],"targeting":[7],"physical":[8,44,259],"inactivity":[9],"have":[10],"increased":[11,294],"in":[12,58,139,154,182],"popularity":[13],"yet":[14],"are":[15],"usually":[16],"limited":[17],"by":[18],"low":[19,267],"engagement.":[20],"This":[21],"study":[22,51],"examined":[23],"the":[24,189,225,290],"impact":[25],"of":[26,227,258],"adding":[27,285],"team-based":[28,287],"incentives":[29,105,127,288],"(Step":[30],"Together":[31],"Challenges,":[32],"STCs)":[33],"to":[34,247,270,289,313],"an":[35,256,276],"existing":[36],"mHealth":[37],"app":[38,261,293,301],"(Carrot":[39],"Rewards)":[40],"that":[41,284],"rewarded":[42],"individual":[43,133],"activity":[45,260],"achievements.":[46],"Methods":[47],"A":[48,144],"24-week":[49],"quasi-experimental":[50],"(retrospective":[52],"matched":[53,78],"pairs":[54],"design)":[55],"was":[56,204],"conducted":[57],"three":[59],"Canadian":[60],"provinces":[61],"(pre-intervention:":[62],"weeks":[63,66],"1\u201312;":[64],"intervention:":[65],"13\u201324).":[67],"Participants":[68],"who":[69,81],"used":[70,82],"Carrot":[71,83,100,291],"Rewards":[72,84,101,292],"and":[73,91,148,232,299,316],"STCs":[74,228],"(experimental":[75],"group)":[76],"were":[77],"with":[79,242],"those":[80],"only":[85],"(controls)":[86],"on":[87],"age,":[88],"gender,":[89],"province":[90],"baseline":[92],"mean":[93,175,184,201,234,295],"daily":[94,115,134,176,185,235,296],"step":[95,116,135,177,186,236,297],"count":[96,187,237],"(\u00b1":[97],"500":[98],"steps/d).":[99],"users":[102,123,163],"earned":[103],"individual-level":[104],"(worth":[106],"$0.04":[107],"CAD)":[108,129],"each":[109,243],"day":[110],"they":[111],"reached":[112],"a":[113,119,155,179,221],"personalized":[114],"goal.":[117],"With":[118],"single":[120],"partner,":[121],"STC":[122,245],"could":[124],"earn":[125],"team":[126],"($0.40":[128],"for":[130,173],"collaboratively":[131],"reaching":[132],"goals":[136,147,153],"10":[137],"times":[138],"seven":[140],"days":[141],"(e.g.,":[142],"Partner":[143,149],"completes":[145,151],"four":[146],"B":[150],"six":[152],"week).":[156],"Results":[157],"The":[158,198],"main":[159],"analysis":[160],"included":[161],"61,170":[162],"(mean":[164],"age":[165],"=":[166,170,196,240],"32yrs;":[167],"%":[168],"female":[169],"64).":[171],"Controlling":[172],"pre-intervention":[174],"count,":[178,298],"significant":[180],"difference":[181,203],"intervention":[183,233],"favoured":[188],"experimental":[190],"group":[191,202],"(p":[192],"<":[193],"0.0001;":[194],"\u03b7p2":[195],"0.024).":[197],"estimated":[199],"marginal":[200],"537":[205],"steps":[206,211,251],"per":[207,212,252],"day,":[208],"or":[209,272],"3759":[210],"week":[213],"(about":[214],"40":[215],"walking":[216],"min/wk).":[217],"Linear":[218],"regression":[219],"suggested":[220],"dose-response":[222],"relationship":[223],"between":[224],"number":[226],"completed":[229],"(app":[230],"engagement)":[231],"(adjusted":[238],"R2":[239],"0.699)":[241],"new":[244],"corresponding":[246],"approximately":[248],"200":[249],"more":[250],"day.":[253],"Conclusion":[254],"Despite":[255],"explosion":[257],"interest":[262],"(100,000":[263],"+":[264],"published":[265],"apps),":[266],"engagement":[268,302,315],"leading":[269],"small":[271],"no":[273],"effects":[274],"remains":[275],"industry":[277],"hallmark.":[278],"In":[279],"this":[280,304],"paper,":[281],"we":[282],"found":[283],"modest":[286],"importantly,":[300],"moderated":[303],"effect.":[305],"Others":[306],"should":[307],"consider":[308],"novel":[309],"small-teams":[310],"based":[311],"approaches":[312],"boost":[314],"effects.":[317]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}