{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3104076707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085891.003.0008","title":"Diffusion and Drug Dispersion","display_name":"Diffusion and Drug Dispersion","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3104076707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085891.003.0008","mag":"3104076707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780195085891.003.0008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085891.003.0008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085891.003.0008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Delivery","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4255378812","display_name":"Drug Delivery"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012106344","display_name":"W. Mark Saltzman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-549X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-549X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. Mark Saltzman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012106344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51635846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13675","display_name":"Diffusion Coefficients in Liquids","score":0.5952000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13675","display_name":"Diffusion Coefficients in Liquids","score":0.5952000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.07069999724626541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":0.04280000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-diffusion","display_name":"molecular diffusion","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-dispersion","display_name":"drug dispersion","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-walks","display_name":"random walks","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fick-s-law","display_name":"Fick's law","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuity-equation","display_name":"continuity equation","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aqueous-environment","display_name":"aqueous environment","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-water-content","display_name":"tissue water content","score":0.5910000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.6470345258712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121194460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856741","display_name":"Random walk","level":2,"score":0.5626475811004639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.52496737241745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57736034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17104113","display_name":"Molecular diffusion","level":3,"score":0.49828314781188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.47855693101882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.446085125207901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.44205519556999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164602753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567544","display_name":"Anomalous diffusion","level":3,"score":0.4158337712287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.4092258810997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.3580628037452698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.32022377848625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.264133095741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.26079484820365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1679258644580841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16636425256729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11958733201026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.10556331276893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017618536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304994","display_name":"Innovation diffusion","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780195085891.003.0008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085891.003.0008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085891.003.0008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Delivery","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3106174785","https://openalex.org/W2306878535","https://openalex.org/W7116062856","https://openalex.org/W152693500","https://openalex.org/W6992699115","https://openalex.org/W7132421462","https://openalex.org/W4249452911","https://openalex.org/W1519856935","https://openalex.org/W2496715150","https://openalex.org/W125798588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"biological":[1,119],"processes":[2],"occur":[3],"in":[4,50,104,197],"an":[5,122,205],"environment":[6],"that":[7,98,152,200],"is":[8,24,38,92,176,231],"predominantly":[9],"water:":[10],"a":[11,51,146],"typical":[12],"cell":[13],"contains":[14],"70-85%":[15],"water":[16,82,134],"and":[17,35,64,171,178],"the":[18,27,48,55,62,85,96,126,130,143,156,165,211,223],"extracellular":[19],"space":[20],"of":[21,33,53,57,79,101,112,115,129,158,192,194,226],"most":[22],"tissues":[23,120,131],"99%.":[25],"Even":[26],"brain,":[28],"with":[29,142],"its":[30],"complex":[31],"arrangement":[32],"cells":[34],"myelinated":[36],"processes,":[37,90],"\u2248":[39],"80%":[40],"water.":[41],"Drug":[42],"molecules":[43,69,116],"can":[44,70],"be":[45,137],"introduced":[46],"into":[47,155],"body":[49],"variety":[52],"ways;":[54],"effectiveness":[56],"drug":[58,68],"therapy":[59],"depends":[60],"on":[61],"rate":[63],"extent":[65],"to":[66,75,94,180],"which":[67],"move":[71],"through":[72],"tissue":[73],"structures":[74],"reach":[76],"their":[77,133],"site":[78],"action.":[80],"Since":[81],"serves":[83],"as":[84],"primary":[86],"milieu":[87],"for":[88,190],"life":[89],"it":[91],"essential":[93,189],"understand":[95],"factors":[97],"determine":[99],"rates":[100,111,193],"molecular":[102,159,229],"movement":[103,225],"aqueous":[105],"environments.":[106],"As":[107],"we":[108],"will":[109,208],"see,":[110],"diffusive":[113,169],"transport":[114,196],"vary":[117],"among":[118],"within":[121,204],"organism,":[123],"even":[124],"though":[125],"bulk":[127],"composition":[128],"(i.e.,":[132],"content)":[135],"may":[136],"similar.":[138],"The":[139],"section":[140],"begins":[141],"random":[144,224],"walk,":[145],"useful":[147],"model":[148],"from":[149],"statistical":[150],"physics":[151],"provides":[153],"insight":[154],"kinetics":[157],"diffusion.":[160],"From":[161],"this":[162],"starting":[163],"point,":[164],"fundamental":[166],"relationship":[167],"between":[168],"flux":[170],"solute":[172,195],"concentration,":[173],"Fick\u2019s":[174],"law,":[175],"described":[177],"used":[179],"develop":[181],"general":[182],"mass-conservation":[183],"equations.":[184],"These":[185],"conservation":[186],"equations":[187],"are":[188,201],"analysis":[191],"tissues.":[198],"Molecules":[199],"initially":[202],"localized":[203],"unstirred":[206],"vessel":[207],"spread":[209],"throughout":[210],"vessel,":[212],"eventually":[213],"becoming":[214],"uniformly":[215],"dispersed.":[216],"This":[217],"process,":[218],"called":[219],"diffusion,":[220],"occurs":[221],"by":[222,233],"individual":[227],"molecules;":[228],"motion":[230],"generated":[232],"thermal":[234],"energy.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}