{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3103647359","doi":null,"title":"Thermal-Instability-Driven Turbulent Mixing in Galactic Disks: I. Effective Mixing of Metals","display_name":"Thermal-Instability-Driven Turbulent Mixing in Galactic Disks: I. Effective Mixing of Metals","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3103647359","mag":"3103647359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.755.3897","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.755.3897","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1208.4625.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chao-chin Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao-chin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014544028","display_name":"Mark R. Krumholz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-854X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-854X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Krumholz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.06689999997615814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-instability","display_name":"thermal instability","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulent-mixing","display_name":"turbulent mixing","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galactic-disk","display_name":"Galactic disk","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallicity-gradients","display_name":"metallicity gradients","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-evolution","display_name":"chemical evolution","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-scalar","display_name":"passive scalar","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetohydrodynamics","display_name":"magnetohydrodynamics","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galactic-chemical-evolution","display_name":"galactic chemical evolution","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8114165663719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7613966464996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99465377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217030","display_name":"Metallicity","level":3,"score":0.6253560781478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.5966695547103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125857072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744","display_name":"Star formation","level":3,"score":0.5626468658447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107520359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030613","display_name":"Thick disk","level":4,"score":0.5411244630813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207821765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405372","display_name":"Instability","level":2,"score":0.5069558620452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.45378726720809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189666105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7784279","display_name":"Thin disk","level":3,"score":0.43629997968673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4346492290496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63585750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488","display_name":"Spiral galaxy","level":3,"score":0.4224197268486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174802034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995140","display_name":"Galaxy formation and evolution","level":3,"score":0.4105801582336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.39285239577293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1680285930633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184665706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186310","display_name":"Halo","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.755.3897","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.755.3897","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1208.4625.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506943871","https://openalex.org/W1550828415","https://openalex.org/W1631788275","https://openalex.org/W1671790473","https://openalex.org/W1874935544","https://openalex.org/W1968401761","https://openalex.org/W1975654089","https://openalex.org/W1976676831","https://openalex.org/W1984078635","https://openalex.org/W1984555273","https://openalex.org/W1985424500","https://openalex.org/W1985873501","https://openalex.org/W1987635305","https://openalex.org/W1988131548","https://openalex.org/W1993415332","https://openalex.org/W1994819743","https://openalex.org/W1995150634","https://openalex.org/W2004698958","https://openalex.org/W2005376363","https://openalex.org/W2005631644","https://openalex.org/W2006640045","https://openalex.org/W2007474830","https://openalex.org/W2010356064","https://openalex.org/W2016526737","https://openalex.org/W2017668262","https://openalex.org/W2020660384","https://openalex.org/W2027492443","https://openalex.org/W2029263067","https://openalex.org/W2031338317","https://openalex.org/W2032663410","https://openalex.org/W2043690401","https://openalex.org/W2046313006","https://openalex.org/W2056777440","https://openalex.org/W2057822164","https://openalex.org/W2060775020","https://openalex.org/W2065996612","https://openalex.org/W2066387968","https://openalex.org/W2068967919","https://openalex.org/W2071321776","https://openalex.org/W2074435620","https://openalex.org/W2076575356","https://openalex.org/W2080480291","https://openalex.org/W2081850453","https://openalex.org/W2089785035","https://openalex.org/W2094501939","https://openalex.org/W2097402829","https://openalex.org/W2099171476","https://openalex.org/W2100054308","https://openalex.org/W2109067981","https://openalex.org/W2110849791","https://openalex.org/W2114301340","https://openalex.org/W2125174497","https://openalex.org/W2127680937","https://openalex.org/W2129147724","https://openalex.org/W2137629619","https://openalex.org/W2138843640","https://openalex.org/W2140311628","https://openalex.org/W2142824603","https://openalex.org/W2147983951","https://openalex.org/W2157378473","https://openalex.org/W2168264289","https://openalex.org/W2170168673","https://openalex.org/W2950013890","https://openalex.org/W2952737353","https://openalex.org/W3101368892","https://openalex.org/W3103805048","https://openalex.org/W3106145218","https://openalex.org/W3188003892","https://openalex.org/W4214686270","https://openalex.org/W4254810513","https://openalex.org/W4296930796","https://openalex.org/W4298011861","https://openalex.org/W4300091492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076418939","https://openalex.org/W2745792494","https://openalex.org/W3210262413","https://openalex.org/W2006911400","https://openalex.org/W2086525215","https://openalex.org/W2142824603","https://openalex.org/W4385623823","https://openalex.org/W2345030471","https://openalex.org/W3168971716","https://openalex.org/W7097106619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Observations":[0],"show":[1],"that":[2,28,105,152],"radial":[3],"metallicity":[4],"gradients":[5],"in":[6,23,147,161],"disk":[7,75,100,168],"galaxies":[8,22],"are":[9,34],"relatively":[10],"shallow,":[11],"if":[12],"not":[13],"flat,":[14],"especially":[15],"at":[16,114],"large":[17],"galactocentric":[18],"distances":[19],"and":[20,31],"for":[21,97,132],"the":[24,45,98,119,143,148,162],"high-redshift":[25],"universe.":[26],"Given":[27],"star":[29],"formation":[30],"metal":[32],"production":[33],"centrally":[35],"concentrated,":[36],"this":[37,48,58],"requires":[38],"a":[39,65,70,78,93,158],"mechanism":[40,49],"to":[41,91,139],"redistribute":[42],"metals.":[43],"However,":[44],"nature":[46],"of":[47,64,69,118,123,155,164,167],"is":[50,111,137,157],"poorly":[51],"understood,":[52],"let":[53],"alone":[54],"quantified.":[55],"To":[56],"address":[57],"problem,":[59],"we":[60,103],"conduct":[61],"magnetohydrodynamical":[62],"simulations":[63],"local":[66,144],"shearing":[67],"sheet":[68],"thin,":[71],"ther-mally":[72],"unstable,":[73],"gaseous":[74],"driven":[76,107],"by":[77,108],"background":[79],"stellar":[80,124],"spiral":[81,125],"potential,":[82],"including":[83],"metals":[84,136,156],"modeled":[85],"as":[86],"passive":[87],"scalar":[88],"fields.":[89,129],"Contrary":[90],"what":[92],"simple":[94],"\u03b1":[95],"prescription":[96],"gas":[99],"would":[101],"suggest,":[102],"find":[104],"turbulence":[106],"thermal":[109],"instability":[110],"very":[112],"efficient":[113],"mixing":[115,154],"metals,":[116],"regardless":[117],"presence":[120],"or":[121,127,140],"absence":[122],"potentials":[126],"magnetic":[128],"The":[130],"timescale":[131],"homogenizing":[133],"randomly":[134],"distributed":[135],"comparable":[138],"less":[141],"than":[142],"orbital":[145],"time":[146],"disk.":[149],"This":[150],"implies":[151],"turbulent":[153],"significant":[159],"process":[160],"history":[163],"chemical":[165],"evolution":[166],"galaxies.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}