{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3103322697","doi":null,"title":"Criteria for the formation of Population III objects in the ultraviolet background radiation","display_name":"Criteria for the formation of Population III objects in the ultraviolet background radiation","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3103322697","mag":"3103322697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.759.6163","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.759.6163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0105293.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ir.soken.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=3291","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031029546","display_name":"Tetsu Kitayama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9486-0356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9486-0356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"KITAYAMA Tetsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061550422","display_name":"Hajime Susa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3380-5302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3380-5302"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SUSA Hajime","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computational Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computational Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045224580","display_name":"Masayuki Umemura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1615-1789","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1615-1789"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"UMEMURA Masayuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computational Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computational Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111478572","display_name":"Satoru Ikeuchi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"IKEUCHI Satoru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"\u4e86 \u6c60\u5185","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u4e86 \u6c60\u5185","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031029546"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.8637999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.8637999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.13120000064373016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-iii-stars","display_name":"Population III stars","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star-formation-threshold","display_name":"star formation threshold","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"radiative transfer","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-shielding","display_name":"self-shielding","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h2-cooling","display_name":"H2 cooling","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virial-temperature","display_name":"virial temperature","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-mass-star-formation","display_name":"low-mass star formation","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dwarf-spheroidal-galaxies","display_name":"dwarf spheroidal galaxies","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dwarf-elliptical-galaxies","display_name":"dwarf elliptical galaxies","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star-formation-history","display_name":"star formation history","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-universe","display_name":"early universe","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-dark-matter","display_name":"cold dark matter","score":0.8169999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9486733675003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125857072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744","display_name":"Star formation","level":3,"score":0.7422109842300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.741936445236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.6444884538650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779337418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217192","display_name":"Dark Ages","level":5,"score":0.590840756893158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5341488718986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.4901655614376068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.47064346075057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159249277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79925","display_name":"Dark matter","level":2,"score":0.4643002152442932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.44798994064331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.39246007800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69672822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1670901","display_name":"Reionization","level":4,"score":0.37502560019493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.07829245924949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.759.6163","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.759.6163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0105293.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.soken.ac.jp:00003291","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.soken.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=3291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401394","display_name":"SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200475212","host_organization_name":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/mnr_caf.pdf","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.soken.ac.jp:00003291","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.soken.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=3291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401394","display_name":"SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200475212","host_organization_name":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200475212"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/mnr_caf.pdf","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197783772","https://openalex.org/W1513386386","https://openalex.org/W1964280853","https://openalex.org/W1965439243","https://openalex.org/W1966258720","https://openalex.org/W1968695167","https://openalex.org/W1970128075","https://openalex.org/W1970416057","https://openalex.org/W1973223929","https://openalex.org/W1977720727","https://openalex.org/W1985637164","https://openalex.org/W1987452467","https://openalex.org/W1988066154","https://openalex.org/W1988226223","https://openalex.org/W1988818331","https://openalex.org/W1997458345","https://openalex.org/W2000195976","https://openalex.org/W2002684288","https://openalex.org/W2004052728","https://openalex.org/W2007687569","https://openalex.org/W2008084436","https://openalex.org/W2011938019","https://openalex.org/W2013974293","https://openalex.org/W2014314447","https://openalex.org/W2017452204","https://openalex.org/W2017454574","https://openalex.org/W2018668259","https://openalex.org/W2023021327","https://openalex.org/W2025235333","https://openalex.org/W2025737316","https://openalex.org/W2026821040","https://openalex.org/W2029128026","https://openalex.org/W2031686533","https://openalex.org/W2033203361","https://openalex.org/W2035382618","https://openalex.org/W2035877537","https://openalex.org/W2041214787","https://openalex.org/W2042081950","https://openalex.org/W2044216421","https://openalex.org/W2045388241","https://openalex.org/W2048221328","https://openalex.org/W2055532382","https://openalex.org/W2056010627","https://openalex.org/W2056265022","https://openalex.org/W2060037443","https://openalex.org/W2069359777","https://openalex.org/W2069482516","https://openalex.org/W2070951122","https://openalex.org/W2073315183","https://openalex.org/W2074574313","https://openalex.org/W2075612026","https://openalex.org/W2075862420","https://openalex.org/W2077592806","https://openalex.org/W2078522449","https://openalex.org/W2080820021","https://openalex.org/W2086600810","https://openalex.org/W2087860870","https://openalex.org/W2108452590","https://openalex.org/W2109827714","https://openalex.org/W2114344218","https://openalex.org/W2130184511","https://openalex.org/W2131462302","https://openalex.org/W2131784723","https://openalex.org/W2133726866","https://openalex.org/W2137380495","https://openalex.org/W2143951133","https://openalex.org/W2145672022","https://openalex.org/W2154213758","https://openalex.org/W2155216267","https://openalex.org/W2167186281","https://openalex.org/W2320001757","https://openalex.org/W2327078754","https://openalex.org/W2344059389","https://openalex.org/W2568664427","https://openalex.org/W2949928891","https://openalex.org/W2953087527","https://openalex.org/W2989993095","https://openalex.org/W3100940782","https://openalex.org/W3104092560","https://openalex.org/W4297581658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1653534023","https://openalex.org/W2120252108","https://openalex.org/W2083592770","https://openalex.org/W2167186281","https://openalex.org/W2056150343","https://openalex.org/W7100547971","https://openalex.org/W7140627767","https://openalex.org/W2076271899","https://openalex.org/W1622639746","https://openalex.org/W7100177024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"explore":[1],"possibilities":[2],"of":[3,28,43,62,81,182,198,231],"collapse":[4,63],"and":[5,33,84,99,106,123,189,201,210],"star":[6,134,151,228],"formation":[7,42,135,152,229],"in":[8,139,143,225],"Population":[9],"III":[10],"objects":[11,141],"exposed":[12],"to":[13,51,78,92,114,206],"the":[14,37,41,46,59,67,82,108,124,144,176,183,218,227,232],"external":[15],"ultraviolet":[16],"background":[17],"(UVB)":[18],"radiation.":[19],"Assuming":[20],"spherical":[21],"symmetry,":[22],"we":[23,202],"solve":[24],"self-consistently":[25],"radiative":[26],"transfer":[27],"photons,":[29],"non-equilibrium":[30],"H2":[31,85,100,126],"chemistry":[32],"gas":[34,83,110],"hydrodynamics.":[35],"Although":[36],"UVB":[38,219],"does":[39],"suppress":[40],"low-mass":[44,140],"objects,":[45],"negative":[47],"feedback":[48],"turns":[49],"out":[50],"be":[52],"weaker":[53],"than":[54],"previously":[55],"suggested.":[56],"In":[57,169],"particular,":[58],"cut-off":[60,90],"scale":[61],"drops":[64,164],"significantly":[65,165],"below":[66,117],"virial":[68],"temperature":[69],"Tvir\u223c104":[70],"K":[71,119],"at":[72,160,166],"weak":[73],"UV":[74],"intensities":[75,105],"(J21\u227210\u22122),":[76],"owing":[77],"both":[79],"self-shielding":[80,98],"cooling.":[86],"Clouds":[87],"above":[88,190],"this":[89,191],"tend":[91],"contract":[93],"highly":[94],"dynamically,":[95],"further":[96],"promoting":[97],"formation.":[101],"For":[102],"plausible":[103],"radiation":[104],"spectra,":[107],"collapsing":[109,142,159],"can":[111,136,193,220],"cool":[112],"efficiently":[113],"temperatures":[115],"well":[116],"104":[118],"before":[120],"rotationally":[121],"supported":[122],"final":[125],"fraction":[127],"reaches":[128],"\u223c":[129,154],"10\u22123.Our":[130],"results":[131,215],"imply":[132],"that":[133,181,217],"take":[137],"place":[138],"UVB.":[145],"The":[146],"threshold":[147,192],"baryon":[148],"mass":[149],"for":[150,157],"is":[153],"109":[155],"M\u2299":[156],"clouds":[158],"redshifts":[161],"z\u22723,":[162],"but":[163],"higher":[167],"redshifts.":[168],"a":[170,222],"conventional":[171],"cold":[172],"dark":[173],"matter":[174],"universe,":[175],"latter":[177],"coincides":[178],"roughly":[179],"with":[180],"1\u03c3":[184],"density":[185],"fluctuations.":[186],"Objects":[187],"near":[188],"thus":[194],"constitute":[195],"\u2018building":[196],"blocks\u2019":[197],"luminous":[199],"structures,":[200],"discuss":[203],"their":[204],"links":[205],"dwarf":[207],"spheroidal/elliptical":[208],"galaxies":[209],"faint":[211],"blue":[212],"objects.":[213],"These":[214],"suggest":[216],"play":[221],"key":[223],"role":[224],"regulating":[226],"history":[230],"Universe.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}