{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3101638686","doi":null,"title":"SEQUENTIAL MONITORING OF RESPONSE-ADAPTIVE RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS","display_name":"SEQUENTIAL MONITORING OF RESPONSE-ADAPTIVE RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3101638686","mag":"3101638686"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.750.9058","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.750.9058","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1010.3901.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020773441","display_name":"Hongjian Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-3650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-3650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjian Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINA KERCHOF HALL, CHARLOTTESVILLE VIRGINIA 22904-4135 USA","University of Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINA KERCHOF HALL, CHARLOTTESVILLE VIRGINIA 22904-4135 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040494856","display_name":"Feifang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-2910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-2910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINA KERCHOF HALL, CHARLOTTESVILLE VIRGINIA 22904-4135 USA","University of Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINA KERCHOF HALL, CHARLOTTESVILLE VIRGINIA 22904-4135 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13500","display_name":"Probability and Statistical Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-adaptive-randomization","display_name":"response-adaptive randomization","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-monitoring","display_name":"sequential monitoring","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-i-error-control","display_name":"type I error control","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"power","score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial-design","display_name":"clinical trial design","score":0.6330000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40696583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989120","display_name":"Type I and type II errors","level":2,"score":0.7216953039169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.6323839426040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6199477314949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80478641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195771","display_name":"Sequential analysis","level":2,"score":0.6169299483299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.519381582736969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204243189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363085","display_name":"Randomization","level":3,"score":0.4863651394844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4818466901779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4182204604148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.41613033413887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35717177391052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32724660634994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11502698063850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.750.9058","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.750.9058","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1010.3901.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105627024","https://openalex.org/W1216394864","https://openalex.org/W1571725767","https://openalex.org/W1971880474","https://openalex.org/W1972370053","https://openalex.org/W1973240854","https://openalex.org/W1977182515","https://openalex.org/W1978497472","https://openalex.org/W1979464943","https://openalex.org/W1979753888","https://openalex.org/W1987477151","https://openalex.org/W1990639292","https://openalex.org/W1993368183","https://openalex.org/W1993594029","https://openalex.org/W1998498767","https://openalex.org/W2002682396","https://openalex.org/W2003045336","https://openalex.org/W2007702124","https://openalex.org/W2008268605","https://openalex.org/W2009163891","https://openalex.org/W2014712015","https://openalex.org/W2022436095","https://openalex.org/W2030500137","https://openalex.org/W2037483654","https://openalex.org/W2039522160","https://openalex.org/W2042211638","https://openalex.org/W2049768834","https://openalex.org/W2057215531","https://openalex.org/W2059707463","https://openalex.org/W2065109701","https://openalex.org/W2068809949","https://openalex.org/W2071049868","https://openalex.org/W2071812934","https://openalex.org/W2076656913","https://openalex.org/W2108776287","https://openalex.org/W2125299635","https://openalex.org/W2126794261","https://openalex.org/W2127151679","https://openalex.org/W2127247963","https://openalex.org/W2134179807","https://openalex.org/W2158180736","https://openalex.org/W2164417355","https://openalex.org/W2316970929","https://openalex.org/W2325921774","https://openalex.org/W2493289085","https://openalex.org/W3128528895","https://openalex.org/W3216197605","https://openalex.org/W4237910115","https://openalex.org/W4293076803","https://openalex.org/W4301420330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2955025217","https://openalex.org/W7005802857","https://openalex.org/W2938590796","https://openalex.org/W3088376721","https://openalex.org/W7151618076","https://openalex.org/W2152878178","https://openalex.org/W2952811588","https://openalex.org/W2970096724","https://openalex.org/W3148533977","https://openalex.org/W4287798062"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clinical":[0],"trials":[1,140],"are":[2],"complex":[3],"and":[4,28,42,72,111,118,169],"usually":[5],"involve":[6],"multiple":[7],"objectives":[8,56,120],"such":[9],"as":[10],"controlling":[11],"type":[12,115,176],"I":[13,116,177],"error":[14,117],"rate,":[15],"increasing":[16],"power":[17],"to":[18,25,53,57,65,88,134],"detect":[19],"treatment":[20],"difference,":[21],"assigning":[22],"more":[23],"patients":[24],"better":[26],"treatment,":[27],"more.":[29],"In":[30,60,179],"literature,":[31],"both":[32,160],"response-adaptive":[33,68,137],"randomization":[34,39],"(RAR)":[35],"procedures":[36],"(by":[37,45],"changing":[38,46],"procedure":[40,48,86,154,188],"sequentially)":[41,49],"sequential":[43,80,99],"monitoring":[44],"analysis":[47],"have":[50],"been":[51],"proposed":[52,153,187],"achieve":[54],"these":[55],"some":[58],"degree.":[59],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"we":[63,95,181],"propose":[64],"sequentially":[66,135],"monitor":[67,136],"randomized":[69,138],"clinical":[70,139,193],"trial":[71,194],"study":[73],"it's":[74],"properties.":[75],"We":[76,143],"prove":[77],"that":[78,97],"the":[79,84,98,104,148,152,157,175,183,186],"test":[81,100],"statistics":[82,101],"of":[83,159,185,195],"new":[85],"converge":[87],"a":[89,132,191],"Brownian":[90],"motion":[91],"in":[92,109,141,162],"distribution.":[93],"Further,":[94],"show":[96],"asymptotically":[102],"satisfy":[103],"canonical":[105],"joint":[106],"distribution":[107],"defined":[108],"Jennison":[110],"Turnbull":[112],"(\\citeyearJT00).":[113],"Therefore,":[114],"other":[119],"can":[121,144],"be":[122],"achieved":[123],"theoretically":[124],"by":[125,189],"selecting":[126],"appropriate":[127],"boundaries.":[128],"These":[129],"results":[130],"open":[131],"door":[133],"practice.":[142],"also":[145],"observe":[146],"from":[147],"simulation":[149],"studies":[150],"that,":[151],"brings":[155],"together":[156],"advantages":[158],"techniques,":[161],"dealing":[163],"with":[164],"power,":[165],"total":[166,170],"sample":[167],"size":[168],"failure":[171],"numbers,":[172],"while":[173],"keeps":[174],"error.":[178],"addition,":[180],"illustrate":[182],"characteristics":[184],"redesigning":[190],"well-known":[192],"maternal-infant":[196],"HIV":[197],"transmission.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}