{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3099720705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2021-378-21","title":"A Range Adjusted Measure of Super-Efficiency in Integer-Valued Data Envelopment Analysis with Undesirable Outputs","display_name":"A Range Adjusted Measure of Super-Efficiency in Integer-Valued Data Envelopment Analysis with Undesirable Outputs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3099720705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2021-378-21","mag":"3099720705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21078/jssi-2021-378-21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2021-378-21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2021-378-21","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.21078/JSSI-2021-378-21/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170797","display_name":"\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u62a5(\u82f1\u6587)","issn_l":"1478-9906","issn":["1478-9906","2512-6660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Systems Science and Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.21078/JSSI-2021-378-21/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100667058","display_name":"Chunhua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-7852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-7852"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187380120","display_name":"Agricultural Bank of China","ror":"https://ror.org/015g9sa94","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187380120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59649739","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmyj29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia Branch of Agricultural Bank of China , Hohhot , China","School of Business Administration, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics , Nanchang , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Branch of Agricultural Bank of China , Hohhot , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187380120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Administration, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics , Nanchang , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005055070","display_name":"Haohua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-8711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-8711"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59649739","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmyj29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haohua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business Administration, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics , Nanchang , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Administration, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics , Nanchang , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59649739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041758361","display_name":"Lijun Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-0625","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-0625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Plymouth Business School, University of Plymouth , Plymouth , United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Plymouth Business School, University of Plymouth , Plymouth , United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100605467","display_name":"Jianwei Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9912-2451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9912-2451","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2887-4056"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , China","Transportation Institute, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation Institute, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005055070","https://openalex.org/A5041758361","https://openalex.org/A5100605467","https://openalex.org/A5100667058"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187380120","https://openalex.org/I2722730","https://openalex.org/I59649739","https://openalex.org/I897542642"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4061,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94600725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"378","last_page":"398"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12709","display_name":"Optimization and Mathematical Programming","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range-adjusted-measure","display_name":"range adjusted measure","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/super-efficiency-dea","display_name":"super-efficiency DEA","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undesirable-outputs","display_name":"undesirable outputs","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-radial-dea","display_name":"non-radial DEA","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-transportation-systems","display_name":"regional transportation systems","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-accidents","display_name":"transport accidents","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficiency-evaluation","display_name":"efficiency measurement","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.9693237543106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7646105289459229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6400511860847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.633608877658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.6273467540740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6191398501396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5908739566802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.46869564056396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17648541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2265984","display_name":"Efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4495665431022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4475668668746948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.37574607133865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2703434228897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22363707423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1934342384338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1695498824119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0911564826965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21078/jssi-2021-378-21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2021-378-21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2021-378-21","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.21078/JSSI-2021-378-21/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170797","display_name":"\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u62a5(\u82f1\u6587)","issn_l":"1478-9906","issn":["1478-9906","2512-6660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Systems Science and Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pearl.plymouth.ac.uk:pbs-research-1101","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/pbs-research/102","pdf_url":"https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/context/pbs-research/article/1101/viewcontent/A_20Range_20Adjusted_20Measure_20of_20Super_efficiency_20in_20Integer_valued_20Data_20Envelopment_20Analysis_20with_20Undesirable_20Outputs.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402507","display_name":"PEARL (University of Plymouth)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","host_organization_name":"University of Plymouth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Plymouth Business School","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pearl.plymouth.ac.uk:10026.1/16655","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/16655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402507","display_name":"PEARL (University of Plymouth)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","host_organization_name":"University of Plymouth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21078/jssi-2021-378-21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2021-378-21","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2021-378-21","pdf_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.21078/JSSI-2021-378-21/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170797","display_name":"\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u5b66\u62a5(\u82f1\u6587)","issn_l":"1478-9906","issn":["1478-9906","2512-6660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Systems Science and Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6773999929428101,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1211135516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71862026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1216256569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018MS07006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1409937862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018T110209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1671665944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71862026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1817683254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20180815502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1884518119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NGJGH2018016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2301831669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018MS07006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2460501410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018T110209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2845300289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018T110209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3082101472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018MS07006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4676426335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018T110209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4837590540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20180815502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5345519433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20180815502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5600480261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NGJGH2018016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7014620685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71862026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7090537019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20180815502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8246856381","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u5168\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u6258\u76d8\u5171\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u6258\u76d8\u79df\u8d41\u516c\u53f8\u91cf\u5316\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71862026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8387528660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018MS07006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322216","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3099720705.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3099720705.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491104203","https://openalex.org/W1564833621","https://openalex.org/W1569875220","https://openalex.org/W1593003939","https://openalex.org/W1965515277","https://openalex.org/W1977762927","https://openalex.org/W1987063614","https://openalex.org/W1993853192","https://openalex.org/W2000681220","https://openalex.org/W2002927225","https://openalex.org/W2007598796","https://openalex.org/W2018348419","https://openalex.org/W2033379267","https://openalex.org/W2051790825","https://openalex.org/W2062169020","https://openalex.org/W2067303654","https://openalex.org/W2072709261","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2088756387","https://openalex.org/W2093461870","https://openalex.org/W2097173585","https://openalex.org/W2098940796","https://openalex.org/W2103180422","https://openalex.org/W2106615995","https://openalex.org/W2110250287","https://openalex.org/W2128414741","https://openalex.org/W2129763896","https://openalex.org/W2222438429","https://openalex.org/W2230154297","https://openalex.org/W2335504037","https://openalex.org/W2337460241","https://openalex.org/W2408145922","https://openalex.org/W2506753585","https://openalex.org/W2509973563","https://openalex.org/W2590754179","https://openalex.org/W2769534471","https://openalex.org/W2775798973","https://openalex.org/W2794412973","https://openalex.org/W2795466211","https://openalex.org/W2797405264","https://openalex.org/W2802858600","https://openalex.org/W2803274492","https://openalex.org/W2808377378","https://openalex.org/W2820071628","https://openalex.org/W2883387358","https://openalex.org/W2890533121","https://openalex.org/W2890826880","https://openalex.org/W2893875680","https://openalex.org/W2912664522","https://openalex.org/W2914704453","https://openalex.org/W2917429495","https://openalex.org/W2928703935","https://openalex.org/W2940371670","https://openalex.org/W2947892478","https://openalex.org/W2951728505","https://openalex.org/W2952536929","https://openalex.org/W2967104854","https://openalex.org/W2969518901","https://openalex.org/W2971146130","https://openalex.org/W2972694663","https://openalex.org/W2973719814","https://openalex.org/W2978817085","https://openalex.org/W2980650204","https://openalex.org/W2983001401","https://openalex.org/W2997581615","https://openalex.org/W3003905828","https://openalex.org/W3004750732","https://openalex.org/W3023249871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405921450","https://openalex.org/W2103180422","https://openalex.org/W2983001401","https://openalex.org/W2469302575","https://openalex.org/W2018348419","https://openalex.org/W3040708847","https://openalex.org/W2047580167","https://openalex.org/W3105087060","https://openalex.org/W2120026480","https://openalex.org/W2930358924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"DEA":[1,13,39,91,106],"(data":[2],"envelopment":[3],"analysis)":[4],"models":[5,96,169],"can":[6,122,139,159],"be":[7,140,160],"divided":[8],"into":[9],"two":[10,94],"groups:":[11],"Radial":[12],"and":[14,17,35,74,104,114,118,126,202],"non-radial":[15,38,105],"DEA,":[16],"the":[18,25,43,53,93,130,174,183,197,204],"latter":[19],"has":[20],"higher":[21],"discriminatory":[22],"power":[23],"than":[24],"former.":[26],"The":[27,137,151,167,191],"range":[28],"adjusted":[29],"measure":[30],"(RAM)":[31],"is":[32,49,145],"an":[33,67,80],"effective":[34],"widely":[36],"used":[37,161],"approach.":[40],"However,":[41],"to":[42,79,112,162,172],"best":[44],"of":[45,176,185,199,206],"our":[46],"knowledge,":[47],"there":[48],"no":[50],"literature":[51],"on":[52,147],"integer-valued":[54,68,81,124,152],"super-efficiency":[55,82,153],"RAM-DEA":[56,69,83,154],"model,":[57],"especially":[58],"when":[59],"undesirable":[60,72,86,127,157,189],"outputs":[61,73,158],"are":[62,102,133,170],"included.":[63],"We":[64],"first":[65],"propose":[66],"model":[70,78,84,155],"with":[71,85,89,156],"then":[75],"extend":[76],"this":[77],"outputs.":[87],"Compared":[88],"other":[90],"models,":[92,107],"novel":[95],"have":[97],"many":[98],"advantages:":[99],"1)":[100],"They":[101,121],"non-oriented":[103],"which":[108],"enable":[109],"decision":[110,194],"makers":[111,195],"simultaneously":[113],"non-proportionally":[115],"improve":[116,196],"inputs":[117],"outputs;":[119],"2)":[120],"handle":[123],"variables":[125],"outputs,":[128],"so":[129],"results":[131,138,192],"obtained":[132,142],"more":[134],"reliable;":[135],"3)":[136],"easily":[141],"as":[143],"it":[144],"based":[146],"linear":[148],"programming;":[149],"4)":[150],"accurately":[163],"rank":[164],"efficient":[165,207],"DMUs.":[166],"proposed":[168],"applied":[171],"evaluate":[173],"efficiency":[175],"China\u2019s":[177],"regional":[178],"transportation":[179],"systems":[180],"(RTSs)":[181],"considering":[182],"number":[184],"transport":[186],"accidents":[187],"(an":[188],"output).":[190],"help":[193],"performance":[198],"inefficient":[200],"RTSs":[201],"analyze":[203],"strengths":[205],"RTSs.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}