{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3098528982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12212","title":"Safety\u2010II\u2014Resilience in the face of abnormal operation","display_name":"Safety\u2010II\u2014Resilience in the face of abnormal operation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3098528982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12212","mag":"3098528982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/prs.12212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139295051","display_name":"Process Safety Progress","issn_l":"1066-8527","issn":["1066-8527","1547-5913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Process Safety Progress","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034437318","display_name":"Steven S. Cutchen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8806-0133","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8806-0133"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven S. Cutchen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Incident Investigator, retired, U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, Washington, DC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8806-0133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Incident Investigator, retired, U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, Washington, DC","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034437318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4557,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68106146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.8109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.8109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.1826999932527542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14091","display_name":"Industrial and Mining Safety","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-ii","display_name":"Safety-II","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-safety","display_name":"process safety","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience-engineering","display_name":"resilience engineering","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abnormal-operation","display_name":"abnormal operation","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-discipline","display_name":"operational discipline","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-robustness","display_name":"system robustness","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-safety-management","display_name":"process safety management","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incident-prevention","display_name":"incident prevention","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-management-implementation","display_name":"safety management implementation","score":0.4090000092983246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206713868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1674639","display_name":"Near miss","level":2,"score":0.6558532118797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80038721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4380673","display_name":"Process safety","level":3,"score":0.64432692527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5449180006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49803996086120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132835097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663745","display_name":"System safety","level":2,"score":0.47654014825820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.4522068202495575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44894126057624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779240384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1561274","display_name":"Safety culture","level":2,"score":0.44106727838516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.41866815090179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.3550676703453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.2807076573371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23558980226516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.20522618293762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.19478300213813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.16818293929100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/prs.12212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139295051","display_name":"Process Safety Progress","issn_l":"1066-8527","issn":["1066-8527","1547-5913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Process Safety Progress","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595147791","https://openalex.org/W1556205074","https://openalex.org/W1595833668","https://openalex.org/W1599796661","https://openalex.org/W1979628198","https://openalex.org/W2068105093","https://openalex.org/W2072544732","https://openalex.org/W2095763150","https://openalex.org/W2512931648","https://openalex.org/W2519326014","https://openalex.org/W2883452775","https://openalex.org/W2897856138","https://openalex.org/W3109905192","https://openalex.org/W4206253005","https://openalex.org/W4235522943","https://openalex.org/W4239591054","https://openalex.org/W4245674528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7221082258","https://openalex.org/W2991259383","https://openalex.org/W3110102440","https://openalex.org/W3153546415","https://openalex.org/W4401205635","https://openalex.org/W2903826290","https://openalex.org/W4213015853","https://openalex.org/W4233794181","https://openalex.org/W2883778310","https://openalex.org/W2889996357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Traditional":[1],"process":[2,37],"safety,":[3],"Safety\u2010I":[4,29,56,106,137],",":[5,14,91,103],"is":[6,54,107,133,162],"the":[7,65,92,128,131,167,173,177],"condition":[8,93],"where":[9,94,105],"adverse":[10],"outcomes":[11],"are":[12,101,141],"minimized":[13],"for":[15,58,69,158,179,190],"example,":[16],"OSHA":[17],"PSM.":[18],"Adverse":[19,109],"Outcomes":[20,110],"result":[21,111],"from":[22,112,148,154],"unusual":[23,117],"(erroneous)":[24],"actions":[25,115],"in":[26,83,116,166],"usual":[27,113],"conditions.":[28],"applies":[30,104],"to":[31,48,98,124,183],"situations":[32],"that":[33],"were":[34],"planned.":[35],"While":[36],"safety":[38],"incident":[39],"rates":[40],"have":[41,49],"improved":[42],"dramatically":[43],"under":[44],"Safety\u2010I,":[45],"industry":[46],"seems":[47],"reached":[50],"an":[51,188],"asymptote.":[52],"There":[53],"a":[55,70],"gap":[57],"unplanned":[59,185],"situations,":[60],"those":[61],"with":[62,78],"no":[63],"procedures,":[64],"initiating":[66],"event":[67],"type":[68],"majority":[71],"of":[72,85,181],"incidents.":[73],"Work\u2010as\u2010Done":[74],"does":[75],"not":[76,134,163],"align":[77],"Work\u2010as\u2010Imagined.":[79],"Operational":[80],"Discipline":[81],"defined":[82],"terms":[84],"following":[86],"procedures":[87],"cannot":[88],"apply.":[89],"Safety\u2010II":[90,139,156,161,182],"adaption":[95],"and":[96,138,187],"recovery":[97],"safe":[99],"conditions":[100],"maximized":[102],"weak.":[108],"(normal)":[114],"conditions,":[118],"when":[119],"workers":[120],"do":[121],"what":[122],"appears":[123],"make":[125],"sense":[126],"at":[127],"time,":[129],"but":[130],"situation":[132],"as":[135],"expected.":[136],"processes":[140],"both":[142],"vital.":[143],"S":[144,150],"ystem":[145,151],"improvement":[146],"results":[147,153],"Safety\u2010I.":[149],"robustness":[152],"Safety\u2010II.":[155],"provides":[157],"Resilience":[159],".":[160],"formally":[164],"implemented":[165],"United":[168],"States.":[169],"This":[170],"article":[171],"introduces":[172],"concepts":[174],"behind":[175],"Safety\u2010II,":[176],"justification":[178],"adoption":[180],"cover":[184],"operation,":[186],"outline":[189],"beginning":[191],"implementation.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}
