{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3098229092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0025802420973538","title":"Potential significance of swastika tattoos in a medico-legal setting","display_name":"Potential significance of swastika tattoos in a medico-legal setting","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3098229092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0025802420973538","mag":"3098229092","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33215548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0025802420973538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0025802420973538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0025802420973538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163308530","display_name":"Medicine Science and the Law","issn_l":"0025-8024","issn":["0025-8024","2042-1818"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076577417","display_name":"Roger W. Byard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0524-5942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0524-5942"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roger W Byard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forensic Science SA and School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0524-5942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forensic Science SA and School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076577417"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3933,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94705809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"2","first_page":"118","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12901","display_name":"Tattoo and Body Piercing Complications","score":0.7925000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12901","display_name":"Tattoo and Body Piercing Complications","score":0.7925000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10376","display_name":"Suicide and Self-Harm Studies","score":0.1704999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12296","display_name":"Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unnatural-death","display_name":"unnatural death","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicide","display_name":"suicide","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homicide","display_name":"homicide","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-related-deaths","display_name":"drug-related deaths","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-supremacy","display_name":"white supremacy","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-autopsy","display_name":"forensic autopsy","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6499436497688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5560542345046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.45186761021614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140505726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q495304","display_name":"Forensic science","level":2,"score":0.44980114698410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.44838616251945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44347402453422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779504383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41482","display_name":"Autopsy","level":2,"score":0.428352952003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.4283272624015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.42659425735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3874282240867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.20793628692626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16243907809257507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.16018670797348022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.11199718713760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.06618601083755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001344","descriptor_name":"Autopsy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013021","descriptor_name":"South Australia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013653","descriptor_name":"Tattooing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0025802420973538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0025802420973538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0025802420973538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163308530","display_name":"Medicine Science and the Law","issn_l":"0025-8024","issn":["0025-8024","2042-1818"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine, Science and the Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33215548","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33215548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine, science, and the law","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85198422","https://openalex.org/W619832517","https://openalex.org/W1978284927","https://openalex.org/W2030807143","https://openalex.org/W2034206237","https://openalex.org/W2085168447","https://openalex.org/W2163925232","https://openalex.org/W2760243069","https://openalex.org/W2937537563","https://openalex.org/W3006599623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006599623","https://openalex.org/W3194157542","https://openalex.org/W7167342242","https://openalex.org/W2937537563","https://openalex.org/W4406224208","https://openalex.org/W7221405313","https://openalex.org/W2414038469","https://openalex.org/W4377563816","https://openalex.org/W2034206237","https://openalex.org/W4409643148"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,8,37,116,149,158,173,206,213],"increasing":[2],"popularity":[3],"of":[4,18,36,142,151,175,197,209],"tattoos":[5,120,186],"has":[6,200],"challenged":[7],"previous":[9],"associations":[10],"with":[11,26,57,118],"criminality":[12],"and":[13,64,105,132,193,228],"psychiatric":[14],"illness,":[15],"particular":[16],"subsets":[17],"tattooed":[19,123],"individuals":[20,176],"may":[21,181,215],"still":[22],"have":[23,188,216],"an":[24],"association":[25],"unnatural":[27,113,194],"deaths":[28,99,104,114],"in":[29,70,115,139,145,172],"a":[30,48,140,152,189,210],"forensic":[31,178],"context.":[32],"A":[33],"retrospective":[34],"review":[35],"autopsy":[38],"database":[39],"at":[40],"Forensic":[41],"Science":[42],"South":[43],"Australia":[44],"was":[45],"undertaken":[46],"over":[47],"23-year":[49],"period":[50],"from":[51,72],"1997":[52],"to":[53,74,122,191,201],"2019":[54],"for":[55,220],"cases":[56,61,84],"swastika":[58,119,159],"tattoos.":[59],"Twenty-six":[60],"(23":[62],"males":[63],"3":[65],"females)":[66],"were":[67,110,136],"identified,":[68],"ranging":[69],"age":[71,79],"19":[73],"67":[75],"years":[76],"(":[77,125],"M":[78],"=":[80],"36":[81],"years).":[82],"The":[83],"comprised":[85],"seven":[86,89],"(27%)":[87,90],"suicides,":[88],"accidents":[91],"(including":[92],"five":[93,96],"vehicle":[94],"crashes),":[95],"(19%)":[97],"drug-related":[98],"(toxicity/overdose),":[100],"four":[101],"(15.4%)":[102],"natural":[103],"three":[106],"(11.5%)":[107],"homicides.":[108],"There":[109],"significantly":[111],"more":[112],"group":[117],"compared":[121],"controls":[124],"p":[126],"<":[127],"0.01).":[128],"Multiple":[129],"swastikas,":[130],"expletives":[131],"white":[133],"supremacist":[134],"sentiments":[135],"also":[137],"present":[138],"number":[141],"cases.":[143],"However,":[144],"one":[146],"Asian":[147],"male,":[148],"presence":[150],"sacred":[153],"Buddhist":[154],"tattoo":[155,160],"suggested":[156],"that":[157,171],"instead":[161],"had":[162],"religious":[163,222],"rather":[164],"than":[165],"antisocial/racist":[166],"significance.":[167],"This":[168],"study":[169],"shows":[170],"population":[174],"undergoing":[177],"autopsies,":[179],"subgroups":[180],"be":[182,202],"identified":[183],"by":[184,204],"their":[185],"who":[187],"predisposition":[190],"violent":[192],"death.":[195],"Evaluation":[196],"this":[198],"risk":[199],"tempered":[203],"considering":[205],"cultural/religious":[207],"background":[208],"decedent,":[211],"as":[212,225],"symbol":[214],"completely":[217],"different":[218],"connotations":[219],"certain":[221],"groups":[223],"such":[224],"Jains,":[226],"Hindus":[227],"Buddhists.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}