{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3097809291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910","title":"How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations","display_name":"How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3097809291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910","mag":"3097809291","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33224046","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7667251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040251759","display_name":"Frode Svartdal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-5670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-5670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","display_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frode Svartdal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039058423","display_name":"Tove Irene Dahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8036-8627","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8036-8627"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","display_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tove I. Dahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042107758","display_name":"Thor Gamst-Klaussen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-8502","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-8502"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","display_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thor Gamst-Klaussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030879579","display_name":"Markus Koppenborg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-9378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-9378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Koppenborg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Evaluation of Studies and Teaching and Higher Education Research, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evaluation of Studies and Teaching and Higher Education Research, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010893087","display_name":"Katrin Birte Klingsieck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-3762","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-3762"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katrin B. Klingsieck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040251759"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":1.1028,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":225,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86311637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"540910","last_page":"540910"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12258","display_name":"Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12258","display_name":"Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14085","display_name":"Student Stress and Coping","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13929","display_name":"Educational Outcomes and Influences","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-procrastination","display_name":"academic procrastination","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-environment","display_name":"learning environment","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-procrastination","display_name":"student procrastination","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procrastination-prevention","display_name":"procrastination prevention","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deadlines","display_name":"deadlines","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distraction","display_name":"distraction","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temptation","display_name":"temptation","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-freedom","display_name":"academic freedom","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-factors","display_name":"organizational factors","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-factors","display_name":"social factors","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-factors","display_name":"cultural factors","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-factors","display_name":"contextual factors","score":0.9409999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194279344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330104","display_name":"Procrastination","level":2,"score":0.9959695339202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7887983322143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5366396903991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4842381179332733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3658955693244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.35857832431793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07454204559326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33224046","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33224046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:USBKOELN.ub.uni-koeln.de:31235","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/31235/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400371","display_name":"K\u00f6lner Universit\u00e4ts PublikationsServer (Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210115942","host_organization_name":"Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115942"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7667251","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7667251/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d592177b1d09423381c26e9c50650f1a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d592177b1d09423381c26e9c50650f1a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 11 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/20768","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10037/20768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309820","display_name":"Universitetet i Troms\u00f8","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3097809291.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3097809291.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":114,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89079293","https://openalex.org/W137775643","https://openalex.org/W174389588","https://openalex.org/W1491257626","https://openalex.org/W1492980552","https://openalex.org/W1658221384","https://openalex.org/W1661578264","https://openalex.org/W1678084289","https://openalex.org/W1818536883","https://openalex.org/W1876814962","https://openalex.org/W1886186154","https://openalex.org/W1936587531","https://openalex.org/W1976690105","https://openalex.org/W1977781079","https://openalex.org/W1977892793","https://openalex.org/W1982113757","https://openalex.org/W1993148472","https://openalex.org/W1994931204","https://openalex.org/W1997835101","https://openalex.org/W1998835901","https://openalex.org/W1998981876","https://openalex.org/W2000089174","https://openalex.org/W2003151528","https://openalex.org/W2006674865","https://openalex.org/W2007739397","https://openalex.org/W2013719069","https://openalex.org/W2015437822","https://openalex.org/W2016423684","https://openalex.org/W2016677865","https://openalex.org/W2017563734","https://openalex.org/W2021779824","https://openalex.org/W2030539120","https://openalex.org/W2032895211","https://openalex.org/W2040077740","https://openalex.org/W2045477559","https://openalex.org/W2047173849","https://openalex.org/W2049069746","https://openalex.org/W2056048832","https://openalex.org/W2060763381","https://openalex.org/W2066142246","https://openalex.org/W2072328601","https://openalex.org/W2074269256","https://openalex.org/W2076980316","https://openalex.org/W2080194724","https://openalex.org/W2082636296","https://openalex.org/W2092051394","https://openalex.org/W2092057351","https://openalex.org/W2097005663","https://openalex.org/W2097728333","https://openalex.org/W2102016090","https://openalex.org/W2105999358","https://openalex.org/W2106866721","https://openalex.org/W2107406322","https://openalex.org/W2110513608","https://openalex.org/W2111927271","https://openalex.org/W2112868206","https://openalex.org/W2113671972","https://openalex.org/W2115519714","https://openalex.org/W2117709441","https://openalex.org/W2122379076","https://openalex.org/W2126046748","https://openalex.org/W2126180793","https://openalex.org/W2126250087","https://openalex.org/W2144190976","https://openalex.org/W2146981839","https://openalex.org/W2148452117","https://openalex.org/W2152253477","https://openalex.org/W2152831629","https://openalex.org/W2153952864","https://openalex.org/W2160871282","https://openalex.org/W2163762705","https://openalex.org/W2164030952","https://openalex.org/W2167529196","https://openalex.org/W2169135103","https://openalex.org/W2171935043","https://openalex.org/W2275909044","https://openalex.org/W2286452383","https://openalex.org/W2319515924","https://openalex.org/W2333114980","https://openalex.org/W2333475296","https://openalex.org/W2345718830","https://openalex.org/W2401841067","https://openalex.org/W2408984491","https://openalex.org/W2497849680","https://openalex.org/W2500354355","https://openalex.org/W2506566046","https://openalex.org/W2512976318","https://openalex.org/W2526658529","https://openalex.org/W2547815499","https://openalex.org/W2550199686","https://openalex.org/W2556100520","https://openalex.org/W2735278178","https://openalex.org/W2795669759","https://openalex.org/W2795788523","https://openalex.org/W2797262789","https://openalex.org/W2802219802","https://openalex.org/W2802354361","https://openalex.org/W2803747224","https://openalex.org/W2805929587","https://openalex.org/W2809360463","https://openalex.org/W2889988928","https://openalex.org/W2904580421","https://openalex.org/W2917192083","https://openalex.org/W2995570228","https://openalex.org/W3011755093","https://openalex.org/W3082176005","https://openalex.org/W3146003694","https://openalex.org/W3188931644","https://openalex.org/W3214923421","https://openalex.org/W4231905740","https://openalex.org/W4237403557","https://openalex.org/W4293586167","https://openalex.org/W6603558480","https://openalex.org/W6730337663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2735278178","https://openalex.org/W3035624543","https://openalex.org/W2223603717","https://openalex.org/W3128338621","https://openalex.org/W7211966617","https://openalex.org/W7217386582","https://openalex.org/W6893112011","https://openalex.org/W4206205982","https://openalex.org/W4404279258","https://openalex.org/W2792622816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Procrastination":[0],"is":[1,95],"common":[2],"among":[3],"students,":[4,112],"with":[5],"prevalence":[6,19],"estimates":[7],"double":[8],"or":[9,47],"even":[10],"triple":[11],"those":[12],"of":[13,54],"the":[14,22,33,57],"working":[15],"population.":[16],"This":[17],"inflated":[18],"indicates":[20],"that":[21,44,85,98],"academic":[23,93],"environment":[24],"may":[25,45,107],"appear":[26],"as":[27,51],"\"procrastination":[28],"friendly\"":[29],"to":[30,78,88,102],"students.":[31],"In":[32],"present":[34],"paper,":[35],"we":[36],"identify":[37],"social,":[38],"cultural,":[39],"organizational,":[40],"and":[41,62,64,70,80,97,114],"contextual":[42],"factors":[43,77,91],"foster":[46],"facilitate":[48],"procrastination":[49],"(such":[50],"large":[52],"degree":[53],"freedom":[55],"in":[56,75,92],"study":[58],"situation,":[59],"long":[60],"deadlines,":[61],"temptations":[63],"distractions),":[65],"document":[66],"their":[67,104],"research":[68],"basis,":[69],"provide":[71],"recommendations":[72],"for":[73,111],"changes":[74],"these":[76],"reduce":[79,103],"prevent":[81],"procrastination.":[82],"We":[83],"argue":[84],"increased":[86],"attention":[87],"such":[89],"procrastination-friendly":[90],"environments":[94],"important":[96],"relatively":[99],"minor":[100],"measures":[101],"detrimental":[105],"effects":[106],"have":[108],"substantial":[109],"benefits":[110],"institutions,":[113],"society.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2020-11-09T00:00:00"}