{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3097056784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11110587","title":"A Prophetic Stance against Violence: An Analysis of the Peaceful Attitude of Prophet Muhammad during the Medinan Period","display_name":"A Prophetic Stance against Violence: An Analysis of the Peaceful Attitude of Prophet Muhammad during the Medinan Period","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3097056784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11110587","mag":"3097056784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rel11110587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11110587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11110587","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/11/11/587/pdf?version=1605165989","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184657","display_name":"Religions","issn_l":"2077-1444","issn":["2077-1444"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Religions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/11/11/587/pdf?version=1605165989","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010503711","display_name":"S\u00fcleyman Sertkaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5086-4785","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5086-4785"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suleyman Sertkaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Islamic Studies and Civilisation, Charles Sturt University, Melbourne 3062, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5086-4785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Islamic Studies and Civilisation, Charles Sturt University, Melbourne 3062, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033779980","display_name":"Zuleyha Keskin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-4402","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-4402"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zuleyha Keskin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Islamic Studies and Civilisation, Charles Sturt University, Melbourne 3062, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0756-4402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Islamic Studies and Civilisation, Charles Sturt University, Melbourne 3062, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010503711","https://openalex.org/A5033779980"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1056},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1056},"fwci":8.78,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97428289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"11","first_page":"587","last_page":"587"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13815","display_name":"Islamic Thought and Society Studies","score":0.8755000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13815","display_name":"Islamic Thought and Society Studies","score":0.8755000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10794","display_name":"Islamic Studies and History","score":0.061000000685453415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13646","display_name":"Qur\u2019anic Interpretation Studies","score":0.045499999076128006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prophet-muhammad","display_name":"Prophet Muhammad","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biography-of-muhammad","display_name":"biography of Muhammad","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-balance","display_name":"power balance","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-islam","display_name":"early Islamic history","score":0.3059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7308614253997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.6002418994903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.45551979541778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4273313879966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4256395101547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24667770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34187","display_name":"Religious studies","level":1,"score":0.35544928908348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.34029078483581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2564423084259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2449486255645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.17205390334129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rel11110587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11110587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11110587","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/11/11/587/pdf?version=1605165989","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184657","display_name":"Religions","issn_l":"2077-1444","issn":["2077-1444"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Religions","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/b7f92cf3-0748-42a2-bc91-69d3a257f711","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/b7f92cf3-0748-42a2-bc91-69d3a257f711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055442","display_name":"Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sertkaya, S & Keskin, Z 2020, 'A prophetic stance against violence : An analysis of the peaceful attitude of prophet Muhammad during the Medinan period', Religions, vol. 11, no. 11, 587, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11110587","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:87419c620dfc48d6babae42337758373","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/87419c620dfc48d6babae42337758373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Religions, Vol 11, Iss 11, p 587 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rel11110587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11110587","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11110587","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/11/11/587/pdf?version=1605165989","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210184657","display_name":"Religions","issn_l":"2077-1444","issn":["2077-1444"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Religions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7799999713897705}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320961","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3097056784.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3097056784.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W383256660","https://openalex.org/W2031427289","https://openalex.org/W2135822564","https://openalex.org/W2185269532","https://openalex.org/W2206478610","https://openalex.org/W2506344400","https://openalex.org/W2519242373","https://openalex.org/W2909877239","https://openalex.org/W4401127099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318777967","https://openalex.org/W3088626536","https://openalex.org/W7220269105","https://openalex.org/W2955239903","https://openalex.org/W7220215359","https://openalex.org/W7155863675","https://openalex.org/W1528951046","https://openalex.org/W4404763107","https://openalex.org/W7215538434","https://openalex.org/W7218180805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prophet":[0,69,158,195,221],"Muhammad":[1,70,196,222],"is":[2,112],"a":[3,19,72,138,190],"role":[4],"model":[5],"for":[6,200],"millions":[7],"of":[8,16,30,42,49,109,157,192,203],"Muslims":[9,26,61,174,187],"today.":[10],"This":[11],"makes":[12],"s\u012brah,":[13],"the":[14,17,28,56,63,92,107,110,118,143,147,165,169,214],"life":[15,32,160],"Prophet,":[18],"critical":[20],"source":[21],"to":[22,53,80,89,137],"understand":[23],"and":[24,59,94,101,154,182,206,226],"contextualise.":[25],"interpret":[27],"events":[29,76,116,126],"his":[31],"so":[33],"that":[34,85,132,220],"they":[35],"can":[36],"replicate":[37],"them":[38],"in":[39,81,185,189],"every":[40],"aspect":[41],"their":[43],"lives.":[44],"However,":[45,115],"extremely":[46],"polar":[47],"interpretations":[48],"s\u012brah":[50,82,103],"exist,":[51],"leading":[52],"terrorists":[54],"on":[55,62,142],"one":[57],"side":[58],"peace-loving":[60],"other":[64,97],"side,":[65],"with":[66,96,164],"both":[67],"using":[68],"as":[71,122],"reference.":[73],"The":[74,152],"major":[75],"most":[77],"often":[78,128],"referred":[79],"are":[83,105,120,127,161],"incidents":[84],"unfolded":[86],"after":[87],"migration":[88],"Medina,":[90,186],"particularly":[91],"battles":[93,111,119],"conflicts":[95],"communities.":[98],"When":[99],"classical":[100],"contemporary":[102],"sources":[104],"studied,":[106],"prominence":[108],"easily":[113,135],"seen.":[114],"besides":[117],"just":[121],"critical,":[123],"yet":[124],"these":[125],"omitted":[129],"or":[130],"downplayed\u2014events":[131],"could":[133],"have":[134],"led":[136],"violent":[139],"outcome,":[140],"based":[141],"societal":[144],"norms":[145],"at":[146,228],"time,":[148],"but":[149],"did":[150],"not.":[151],"Meccan":[153],"Medinan":[155],"periods":[156],"Muhammad\u2019s":[159],"significantly":[162],"different,":[163],"main":[166],"difference":[167],"being":[168,207],"power":[170,205],"balance.":[171],"In":[172],"Mecca,":[173],"had":[175],"little":[176],"power,":[177],"which":[178],"meant":[179],"great":[180],"hardships":[181],"mistreatment;":[183],"meanwhile,":[184],"were":[188],"position":[191],"power.":[193],"While":[194],"has":[197],"been":[198],"criticised":[199],"taking":[201],"advantage":[202],"this":[204,209],"violent,":[208],"article":[210],"argues":[211],"otherwise.":[212],"Through":[213],"examples":[215],"provided,":[216],"it":[217],"becomes":[218],"evident":[219],"preferred":[223],"peace":[224],"first":[225],"foremost":[227],"all":[229],"times.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-11-09T00:00:00"}