{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3096205151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2011.2172576","title":"Portable Concentrated Sunlight Power Supply Using 40% Efficient Solar Cells","display_name":"Portable Concentrated Sunlight Power Supply Using 40% Efficient Solar Cells","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3096205151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2011.2172576","mag":"3096205151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jphotov.2011.2172576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2011.2172576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2011.2172576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137728576","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics","issn_l":"2156-3403","issn":["2156-3403","2156-3381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088705553","display_name":"Lewis M. Fraas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-1914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-1914"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093226","display_name":"JX Crystals (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kp81a07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093226"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lewis Fraas","raw_affiliation_strings":["JX Crystals, Inc., Issaquah, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JX Crystals, Inc., Issaquah, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"James Avery","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093226","display_name":"JX Crystals (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kp81a07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093226"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Avery","raw_affiliation_strings":["JX Crystals, Inc., Issaquah, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JX Crystals, Inc., Issaquah, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007507484","display_name":"Leonid Minkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-1318","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-1318"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093226","display_name":"JX Crystals (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kp81a07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093226"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonid Minkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["JX Crystals, Inc., Issaquah, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JX Crystals, Inc., Issaquah, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111794432","display_name":"Han Xiang Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093226","display_name":"JX Crystals (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kp81a07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093226"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Xiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["JX Crystals, Inc., Issaquah, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"JX Crystals, Inc., Issaquah, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041927576","display_name":"Parvez N. Uppal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parvez Uppal","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"236","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12309","display_name":"solar cell performance optimization","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12309","display_name":"solar cell performance optimization","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concentrated-photovoltaics","display_name":"concentrated photovoltaics","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triple-junction-solar-cells","display_name":"triple-junction solar cells","score":0.996999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170853661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193788","display_name":"Sunlight","level":2,"score":0.8427557945251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781358867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14672","display_name":"Fresnel lens","level":3,"score":0.7457109689712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5382840633392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5079682469367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779844322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919140","display_name":"Tilt (camera)","level":2,"score":0.5055928230285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.46324601769447327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.4612959623336792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4207276701927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.41586968302726746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.412738174200058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.408356249332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3654642105102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.36467528343200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2784194350242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23104920983314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22275161743164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17658963799476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jphotov.2011.2172576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2011.2172576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2011.2172576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137728576","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics","issn_l":"2156-3403","issn":["2156-3403","2156-3381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1952111839","https://openalex.org/W2109350396","https://openalex.org/W3106961315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109350396","https://openalex.org/W2297609352","https://openalex.org/W4299611987","https://openalex.org/W7100428574","https://openalex.org/W2149668550","https://openalex.org/W4298093394","https://openalex.org/W2057991384","https://openalex.org/W1640126050","https://openalex.org/W97657905","https://openalex.org/W2920407154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"portable":[2],"concentrated":[3,181,191],"sunlight":[4,22,182],"electric":[5,183],"generator":[6,184],"is":[7,75,95,171],"described.":[8],"It":[9],"consists":[10],"of":[11,54,68,88],"two":[12,32,59],"2":[13],"\u00d7":[14],"3":[15],"point-focus":[16],"Fresnel":[17],"lens":[18,37],"parquets":[19],"which":[20],"focus":[21],"onto":[23],"12":[24,91],"high-efficiency":[25],"triple":[26],"junction":[27],"solar":[28],"cells":[29],"mounted":[30],"on":[31,130,142],"aluminum-backed":[33],"circuit":[34,61],"boards.":[35],"These":[36],"parquets,":[38],"along":[39],"with":[40,97,105],"a":[41,49,55,98,178,190],"linear":[42],"tracker":[43],"drive,":[44],"can":[45,174,185],"be":[46,175,187],"stowed":[47],"in":[48,136,177,195],"case":[50,74],"roughly":[51],"the":[52,64,73,77,82,102,115,122,126,133,137],"size":[53],"notebook":[56],"computer.":[57],"The":[58,93,168],"aluminum":[60],"boards":[62],"form":[63],"top":[65],"and":[66,81,104,124,135,154,158,162],"bottom":[67],"this":[69],"case.":[70],"For":[71],"deployment,":[72],"open,":[76],"lenses":[78],"pop":[79],"up,":[80],"unit":[83,94,127,169],"will":[84,128,140],"generate":[85],"50":[86],"W":[87],"electricity":[89],"at":[90],"V.":[92],"deployed":[96],"manual":[99,149],"tilt":[100,119],"to":[101,112,117],"South":[103,118],"an":[106],"electronic":[107],"drive":[108],"rotation":[109],"from":[110],"East":[111],"West":[113],"around":[114],"North":[116],"axis.":[120],"In":[121],"spring":[123],"fall,":[125],"track":[129],"sun":[131,143],"throughout":[132],"day,":[134],"summer,":[138],"it":[139],"stay":[141],"for":[144],"4":[145],"h":[146],"before":[147],"requiring":[148],"readjustment.":[150],"Soldiers,":[151],"campers,":[152],"hikers,":[153],"outbackers":[155],"use":[156],"more":[157,159],"electronics":[160],"today,":[161],"consequently,":[163],"they":[164],"carry":[165],"heavy":[166],"batteries.":[167],"that":[170],"described":[172],"here":[173],"carried":[176],"backpack.":[179],"This":[180],"also":[186],"useful":[188],"as":[189],"photovoltaic":[192],"demonstration":[193],"tool":[194],"science":[196],"classes.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2020-11-09T00:00:00"}