{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095607337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217609","title":"A Coordination Technique for Improving Scalability of Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Consensus","display_name":"A Coordination Technique for Improving Scalability of Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Consensus","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095607337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217609","mag":"3095607337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app10217609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217609","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/21/7609/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/21/7609/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058401987","display_name":"Jungwon Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-0551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-0551"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungwon Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sogang University, 915 Ricci Hall, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-0551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sogang University, 915 Ricci Hall, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079664528","display_name":"Deokyoon Ko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deokyoon Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["NonceLab. Inc., 802 Seoul Blockchain Center, 78, Mapo-daero, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04168, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NonceLab. Inc., 802 Seoul Blockchain Center, 78, Mapo-daero, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04168, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101974944","display_name":"Suntae Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-3059","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-3059"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80611190","display_name":"Jeonbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05q92br09","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80611190"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suntae Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, CAIIT, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, CAIIT, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80611190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076950125","display_name":"Sooyong Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-0586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-0586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148751991","display_name":"Sogang University","ror":"https://ror.org/056tn4839","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sooyong Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sogang University, 915A Ricci Hall, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-0586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sogang University, 915A Ricci Hall, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076950125","https://openalex.org/A5101974944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148751991","https://openalex.org/I80611190"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"fwci":1.5242,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86318002,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"21","first_page":"7609","last_page":"7609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.030700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13913","display_name":"Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-algorithms","display_name":"consensus algorithms","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain-scalability","display_name":"blockchain scalability","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-classification","display_name":"transaction classification","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practical-byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"PBFT","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperledger-besu","display_name":"Hyperledger Besu","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-blockchain","display_name":"private blockchain","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-performance","display_name":"transaction performance","score":0.30799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.8728851675987244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.8376566767692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7800097465515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983222225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","level":2,"score":0.7238067388534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5611950755119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5477697849273682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.540972888469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.5193132758140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107107730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus","level":3,"score":0.42332741618156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26803916692733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1814168393611908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14885005354881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.12847310304641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.07543954253196716}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/app10217609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217609","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/21/7609/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b6caeb67ee94f5d90b1cb57fdf74496","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b6caeb67ee94f5d90b1cb57fdf74496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 21, p 7609 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/app10217609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217609","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/21/7609/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205812","display_name":"Applied Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3417","issn":["2076-3417"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4386216586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2020-2017-0-01628","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095607337.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095607337.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87727730","https://openalex.org/W1567597423","https://openalex.org/W2038345682","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2132804498","https://openalex.org/W2406782094","https://openalex.org/W2522448907","https://openalex.org/W2584120063","https://openalex.org/W2593725966","https://openalex.org/W2726001757","https://openalex.org/W2758139288","https://openalex.org/W2765239986","https://openalex.org/W2765928069","https://openalex.org/W2887561408","https://openalex.org/W2895944784","https://openalex.org/W2897450989","https://openalex.org/W2900804173","https://openalex.org/W2907349043","https://openalex.org/W2918108318","https://openalex.org/W2950812662","https://openalex.org/W2956092535","https://openalex.org/W2964159515","https://openalex.org/W3003936169","https://openalex.org/W3021222613","https://openalex.org/W3121502571","https://openalex.org/W3122636688","https://openalex.org/W3137092842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7070599381","https://openalex.org/W2900930132","https://openalex.org/W7033260309","https://openalex.org/W2584120063","https://openalex.org/W3197104651","https://openalex.org/W6987045254","https://openalex.org/W4313071224","https://openalex.org/W4398234055","https://openalex.org/W4306816376","https://openalex.org/W4381795101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"various":[1],"consensus":[2,9,20,32,46,53,82,92,170,185],"algorithms,":[3],"the":[4,129,154,157,164,180,203],"Byzantine":[5],"Fault":[6],"Tolerance":[7],"(BFT)-based":[8],"algorithms":[10,21,93],"are":[11,22,59,69],"broadly":[12],"used":[13],"for":[14,24,87],"private":[15],"blockchain.":[16],"However,":[17],"as":[18,74],"BFT-based":[19,52,91,169,184],"structured":[23],"all":[25,150],"participants":[26],"to":[27,48,108,116,136],"take":[28],"part":[29],"in":[30,106],"a":[31,34,45,50,81,145,190],"process,":[33],"scalability":[35,181],"issue":[36,200],"becomes":[37],"more":[38],"noticeable.":[39],"In":[40,128,149],"this":[41],"approach,":[42,100],"we":[43,101,118,132,162,173],"introduce":[44],"coordinator":[47],"execute":[49],"conditionally":[51],"algorithm":[54,83],"by":[55],"classifying":[56],"transactions.":[57,65,78],"Transactions":[58],"divided":[60,70],"into":[61],"equal":[62],"and":[63,72,76,90,141,194,202],"unequal":[64,67],"Moreover,":[66],"transactions":[68,196],"again":[71],"classified":[73],"common":[75],"trouble":[77,88,195],"After":[79],"that,":[80],"is":[84],"only":[85,126],"executed":[86],"transactions,":[89],"can":[94,174],"achieve":[95],"scalability.":[96],"For":[97],"evaluating":[98],"our":[99,114,134,142,177],"carried":[102],"out":[103],"three":[104,109],"experiments":[105,151],"response":[107],"research":[110],"questions.":[111],"By":[112],"applying":[113],"approach":[115,135,178],"PBFT,":[117],"obtained":[119,163],"4.75":[120],"times":[121],"better":[122,165],"performance":[123,147,166,193],"than":[124,167],"using":[125],"PBFT.":[127],"other":[130],"experiment,":[131],"applied":[133],"IBFT":[137],"of":[138,156,159,182,205],"Hyperledger":[139],"Besu,":[140],"result":[143],"shows":[144],"61.81%":[146],"improvement.":[148],"depending":[152],"on":[153],"change":[155],"number":[158,204],"blockchain":[160,206],"nodes,":[161],"original":[168,183],"algorithms;":[171],"thus,":[172],"conclude":[175],"that":[176],"improved":[179],"algorithms.":[186],"We":[187],"also":[188],"showed":[189],"correlation":[191],"between":[192],"associated":[197],"with":[198],"transaction":[199],"intervals":[201],"nodes.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2020-11-09T00:00:00"}
