{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095280648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2020.11.25495","title":"Clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 adult patients in Saudi Arabia","display_name":"Clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 adult patients in Saudi Arabia","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095280648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2020.11.25495","mag":"3095280648","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33130842","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7804238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15537/smj.2020.11.25495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2020.11.25495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2020.11.25495","pdf_url":"https://smj.org.sa/content/smj/41/11/1217.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73848604","display_name":"Saudi Medical Journal","issn_l":"0379-5284","issn":["0379-5284","1658-3175"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319313","host_organization_name":"Ministry of Defence and Aviation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319313"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ministry of Defence and Aviation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://smj.org.sa/content/smj/41/11/1217.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113183692","display_name":"Samah I. Abohamr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801066305","display_name":"King Saud Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/03aj9rj02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087938","display_name":"Tanta University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/005gf6j43","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108691","display_name":"Victoria Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/014tg6596","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["CA","EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samah I. Abohamr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heart Health Center, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail. s.abohamar@ksmc.med.sa","From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heart Health Center, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail. s.abohamar@ksmc.med.sa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004668058","display_name":"Rami Mahmood Abazid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-1930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-1930"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801066305","display_name":"King Saud Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/03aj9rj02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087938","display_name":"Tanta University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/005gf6j43","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108691","display_name":"Victoria Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/014tg6596","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["CA","EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rami M. Abazid","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I2801066305","https://openalex.org/I4210087938","https://openalex.org/I4210108691","https://openalex.org/I4210131959","https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084684195","display_name":"Mubarak Abdulhadi Aldossari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2892-1605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2892-1605","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1464-5081"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801066305","display_name":"King Saud Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/03aj9rj02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087938","display_name":"Tanta University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/005gf6j43","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108691","display_name":"Victoria Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/014tg6596","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["CA","EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mubarak A. Aldossari","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I2801066305","https://openalex.org/I4210087938","https://openalex.org/I4210108691","https://openalex.org/I4210131959","https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087302147","display_name":"Hala Amer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2032-0346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2032-0346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801066305","display_name":"King Saud Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/03aj9rj02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087938","display_name":"Tanta University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/005gf6j43","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108691","display_name":"Victoria Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/014tg6596","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["CA","EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hala A. Amer","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I2801066305","https://openalex.org/I4210087938","https://openalex.org/I4210108691","https://openalex.org/I4210131959","https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067515131","display_name":"Omar S. Badhawi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801066305","display_name":"King Saud Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/03aj9rj02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087938","display_name":"Tanta University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/005gf6j43","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108691","display_name":"Victoria Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/014tg6596","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["CA","EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar S. Badhawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I2801066305","https://openalex.org/I4210087938","https://openalex.org/I4210108691","https://openalex.org/I4210131959","https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005907426","display_name":"Obaid M. Aljunaidi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801066305","display_name":"King Saud Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/03aj9rj02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087938","display_name":"Tanta University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/005gf6j43","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108691","display_name":"Victoria Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/014tg6596","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["CA","EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Obaid M. Aljunaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I2801066305","https://openalex.org/I4210087938","https://openalex.org/I4210108691","https://openalex.org/I4210131959","https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017999842","display_name":"Shaimaa H. Alzarzour","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801066305","display_name":"King Saud Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/03aj9rj02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087938","display_name":"Tanta University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/005gf6j43","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108691","display_name":"Victoria Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/014tg6596","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["CA","EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaimaa H. Alzarzour","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I2801066305","https://openalex.org/I4210087938","https://openalex.org/I4210108691","https://openalex.org/I4210131959","https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080105089","display_name":"Hiba M Saadeddin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801066305","display_name":"King Saud Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/03aj9rj02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087938","display_name":"Tanta University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/005gf6j43","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108691","display_name":"Victoria Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/014tg6596","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["CA","EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiba M. Saadeddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I2801066305","https://openalex.org/I4210087938","https://openalex.org/I4210108691","https://openalex.org/I4210131959","https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102869479","display_name":"Fayaz Ahmad Bhat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2333-7426","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2333-7426"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801066305","display_name":"King Saud Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/03aj9rj02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087938","display_name":"Tanta University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/005gf6j43","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108691","display_name":"Victoria Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/014tg6596","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["CA","EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fayaz A. Bhat","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I2801066305","https://openalex.org/I4210087938","https://openalex.org/I4210108691","https://openalex.org/I4210131959","https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008684467","display_name":"Eman Elsheikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3150-7125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3150-7125"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800925808","display_name":"London Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/037tz0e16","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801066305","display_name":"King Saud Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/03aj9rj02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087938","display_name":"Tanta University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/005gf6j43","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108691","display_name":"Victoria Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/014tg6596","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["CA","EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eman Elsheikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat); from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh; from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid); from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta; and from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I2801066305","https://openalex.org/I4210087938","https://openalex.org/I4210108691","https://openalex.org/I4210131959","https://openalex.org/I4626487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Heart Health Center (Abohamr, Aldossari, Badhawi, Aljunaidi, Saadeddin, Bhat)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from Division of Nuclear Medicine, Section of Cardiac Hybrid Imaging, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada,(Abazid)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I4210108691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Community Medicine Department (Amer), National Research Center, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Cardiology (Abohamr, Elsheikh), Tanta University Hospital, Tanta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Department of Prevention and Control of Infection (Amer, Alzarour), King Saud Medical City, Riyadh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801066305"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"from the Internal Medicine Department (Elsheikh), King Faisal University, Alahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008684467"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800925808","https://openalex.org/I2801066305","https://openalex.org/I4210087938","https://openalex.org/I4210108691","https://openalex.org/I4210131959","https://openalex.org/I4626487"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4659,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91390968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"11","first_page":"1217","last_page":"1226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11368","display_name":"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-hospital-mortality","display_name":"in-hospital mortality","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-characteristics","display_name":"clinical features","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome","display_name":"acute respiratory distress syndrome","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumonia","display_name":"pneumonia","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/septic-shock","display_name":"septic shock","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-kidney-injury","display_name":"acute kidney injury","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-failure","display_name":"respiratory failure","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-unit-admission","display_name":"intensive care unit admission","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors-for-mortality","display_name":"mortality risk factors","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saudi-arabia","display_name":"Saudi Arabia","score":0.722000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9722393751144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.6929107308387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6174860596656799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187316915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92307203","display_name":"Case fatality rate","level":3,"score":0.60246342420578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6005414128303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777628635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1765564","display_name":"Septic shock","level":3,"score":0.585236132144928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.5521621704101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.49508681893348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.48395898938179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776348555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344873","display_name":"ARDS","level":3,"score":0.46040570735931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.394305944442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2682875394821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134","display_name":"Sepsis","level":2,"score":0.2376348376274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.1502724587917328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002423","descriptor_name":"Cause of Death","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006760","descriptor_name":"Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015897","descriptor_name":"Comorbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017052","descriptor_name":"Hospital Mortality","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017053","descriptor_name":"Infection Control","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15537/smj.2020.11.25495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2020.11.25495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2020.11.25495","pdf_url":"https://smj.org.sa/content/smj/41/11/1217.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73848604","display_name":"Saudi Medical Journal","issn_l":"0379-5284","issn":["0379-5284","1658-3175"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319313","host_organization_name":"Ministry of Defence and Aviation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319313"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ministry of Defence and Aviation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7804238","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7804238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Med J","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:33130842","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33130842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15537/smj.2020.11.25495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2020.11.25495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2020.11.25495","pdf_url":"https://smj.org.sa/content/smj/41/11/1217.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73848604","display_name":"Saudi Medical Journal","issn_l":"0379-5284","issn":["0379-5284","1658-3175"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319313","host_organization_name":"Ministry of Defence and Aviation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319313"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ministry of Defence and Aviation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saudi Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095280648.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095280648.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886321229","https://openalex.org/W2974984390","https://openalex.org/W2999364275","https://openalex.org/W3001118548","https://openalex.org/W3002108456","https://openalex.org/W3002715510","https://openalex.org/W3006472059","https://openalex.org/W3006812732","https://openalex.org/W3006936240","https://openalex.org/W3008421357","https://openalex.org/W3008827533","https://openalex.org/W3009314935","https://openalex.org/W3009885589","https://openalex.org/W3009951436","https://openalex.org/W3010026184","https://openalex.org/W3010223921","https://openalex.org/W3011292867","https://openalex.org/W3011559677","https://openalex.org/W3012320055","https://openalex.org/W3012849736","https://openalex.org/W3013008917","https://openalex.org/W3013125498","https://openalex.org/W3014054650","https://openalex.org/W3014596382","https://openalex.org/W3014797709","https://openalex.org/W3015678834","https://openalex.org/W3016131164","https://openalex.org/W3016188360","https://openalex.org/W3016388920","https://openalex.org/W3016535995","https://openalex.org/W3016860575","https://openalex.org/W3017173096","https://openalex.org/W3017730472","https://openalex.org/W3023394637","https://openalex.org/W3023787531","https://openalex.org/W3163226127","https://openalex.org/W4231106891","https://openalex.org/W4243425963","https://openalex.org/W6773987131","https://openalex.org/W6776003013","https://openalex.org/W6776023427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388398365","https://openalex.org/W3190613785","https://openalex.org/W4285087054","https://openalex.org/W3203785934","https://openalex.org/W3165091725","https://openalex.org/W3194762805","https://openalex.org/W3183222263","https://openalex.org/W4312871437","https://openalex.org/W4210904691","https://openalex.org/W4283367902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"provide":[2],"a":[3,197,223],"detailed":[4],"study":[5,24],"of":[6,51,57,68,103,140,177,219,226],"demographic,":[7],"baseline":[8],"comorbidities,":[9],"clinical":[10,43,59],"features,":[11],"and":[12,48,63,79,101,132,170,215],"outcome":[13,50],"for":[14,61],"Coronavirus":[15,193,208],"disease":[16,149,167,194,209],"2019":[17,195,210],"(COVID-19)":[18],"patients.":[19],"METHODS:":[20],"A":[21,66],"record-based":[22],"case-series":[23],"conducted":[25],"from":[26],"March":[27],"23":[28],"to":[29],"June":[30],"15,":[31],"2020":[32],"in":[33,116,122,126,130,136,189,204],"King":[34],"Saud":[35],"Medical":[36],"City,":[37],"Riyadh,":[38],"Saudi":[39],"Arabia.":[40],"Demographic":[41],"data,":[42],"presentation,":[44],"laboratory":[45],"investigations,":[46],"complications,":[47],"in-hospital":[49],"COVID-19":[52],"patients":[53,70,142,205,211],"collected":[54],"with":[55,153,206,217],"analysis":[56],"the":[58,93,107,112],"characteristics":[60],"survivors":[62],"deceased.":[64],"RESULTS:":[65],"total":[67],"768":[69],"were":[71,81,106,186],"included.":[72],"The":[73],"mean":[74],"age":[75],"was":[76,92,182],"46.36\u00b113.7":[77],"years":[78],"76.7%":[80],"men.":[82],"Approximately":[83,138],"96.3%":[84],"reported":[85,115],"more":[86,187],"than":[87],"one":[88],"comorbidity;":[89],"diabetes":[90,171,220],"mellitus":[91,172,221],"most":[94],"frequent":[95],"(46.4%).":[96],"Fever":[97],"(84.5%),":[98],"cough":[99],"(82.3%),":[100],"shortness":[102],"breath":[104],"(79.8%)":[105],"main":[108],"presenting":[109],"symptoms.":[110],"During":[111],"follow-up,":[113],"pneumonia":[114],"68.6%,":[117],"acute":[118,133],"respiratory":[119,128],"distress":[120],"syndrome":[121],"32.7%,":[123],"septic":[124],"shock":[125],"20.7%,":[127],"failure":[129],"20.3%,":[131],"kidney":[134,166],"injury":[135],"19.3%.":[137],"45.8%":[139],"enrolled":[141],"required":[143],"intensive":[144],"care":[145],"unit":[146],"admission.":[147,179],"Lung":[148],"(odd":[150],"ratio":[151,181],"[OR]=3.862":[152],"95%":[154],"confident":[155],"interval":[156],"[CI]":[157],"(2.455-6.074),":[158],"obesity":[159],"(OR=3.732,":[160],"CI=2.511-5.546),":[161],"smoking":[162],"(OR=2.991,":[163],"CI=2.072-4.317),":[164],"chronic":[165],"(OR=2.296.":[168],"CI=1.497-3.521),":[169],"(OR=2.291,":[173],"CI=1.714-3.063)":[174],"are":[175,213],"predictors":[176],"ICU":[178],"Fatality":[180],"4.27%;":[183],"therefore,":[184],"men":[185],"prevalent":[188],"dead":[190],"group.":[191],"CONCLUSION:":[192],"places":[196],"huge":[198],"burden":[199],"on":[200],"healthcare":[201],"facilities,":[202],"particularly":[203],"comorbidity.":[207],"who":[212],"obese":[214],"smokers":[216],"history":[218],"have":[222],"high":[224],"risk":[225],"death.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-11-09T00:00:00"}
