{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094356337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218857","title":"Martial Arts Tourism of the \u201cEurope\u2014Far East\u201d Direction, in the Opinion of Grand Masters","display_name":"Martial Arts Tourism of the \u201cEurope\u2014Far East\u201d Direction, in the Opinion of Grand Masters","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094356337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218857","mag":"3094356337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su12218857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218857","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/21/8857/pdf?version=1603631954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/21/8857/pdf?version=1603631954","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045443399","display_name":"Abel Aur\u00e9lio Abreu Figueiredo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-9544","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-9544"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56125125","display_name":"Universidade Polit\u00e9cnica de Viseu","ror":"https://ror.org/0235kxk33","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56125125"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abel A. Figueiredo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, School of Education, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, School of Education, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56125125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060560685","display_name":"Wies\u0142aw B\u0142ach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3559-9151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3559-9151"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219388962","display_name":"University of Wroc\u0142aw","ror":"https://ror.org/00yae6e25","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219388962"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137484","display_name":"Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03gn3ta84","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137484"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wies\u0142aw B\u0142ach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sport, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sport, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219388962","https://openalex.org/I4210137484"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054913501","display_name":"Zbigniew Bujak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9982-4226","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9982-4226"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80810150","display_name":"J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/043k6re07","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80810150"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zbigniew Bujak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Bia\u0142a Podlaska, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Bia\u0142a Podlaska, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9982-4226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Bia\u0142a Podlaska, J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 21-500 Bia\u0142a Podlaska, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80810150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074633680","display_name":"Roland J. Maroteaux","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland J. Maroteaux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Union Nationaled\u2019A\u00efki-jujutsu& Disciplines Associ\u00e9es, 49400 Avignon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Union Nationaled\u2019A\u00efki-jujutsu& Disciplines Associ\u00e9es, 49400 Avignon, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077794633","display_name":"Wojciech Jan Cynarski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-5456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-5456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98559091","display_name":"University of Rzesz\u00f3w","ror":"https://ror.org/03pfsnq21","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98559091"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech J. Cynarski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physical Culture Studies, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-5456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physical Culture Studies, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98559091"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054913501"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80810150"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"fwci":2.0444,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89712079,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"21","first_page":"8857","last_page":"8857"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13730","display_name":"Martial Arts: Techniques, Psychology, and Education","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13730","display_name":"Martial Arts: Techniques, Psychology, and Education","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11925","display_name":"Culinary Culture and Tourism","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grand-master","display_name":"Grand Master","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-martial-arts","display_name":"Chinese martial arts","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-martial-arts","display_name":"Japanese martial arts","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/korean-martial-arts","display_name":"Korean martial arts","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-heritage","display_name":"cultural heritage","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-opinion","display_name":"expert opinion","score":0.3619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141715002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11417","display_name":"Martial arts","level":2,"score":0.9474561214447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157085824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384809","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","level":2,"score":0.6645972728729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.566265881061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.44236594438552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70789860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2018526","display_name":"The arts","level":2,"score":0.44151028990745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4164074659347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3755163550376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3709719479084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3600110411643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.303460031747818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22255805134773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1994946300983429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.17210212349891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su12218857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218857","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/21/8857/pdf?version=1603631954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:21:p:8857-:d:434536","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/21/8857/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2153651c974a43ac8c41e00ed80a3dca","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2153651c974a43ac8c41e00ed80a3dca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 8857, p 8857 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su12218857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218857","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/21/8857/pdf?version=1603631954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094356337.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094356337.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180509953","https://openalex.org/W927288348","https://openalex.org/W1587356481","https://openalex.org/W2018844061","https://openalex.org/W2398632826","https://openalex.org/W2529888510","https://openalex.org/W2593313182","https://openalex.org/W2936736169","https://openalex.org/W2954513519","https://openalex.org/W2978965155","https://openalex.org/W2990807928","https://openalex.org/W2995081985","https://openalex.org/W3011097077","https://openalex.org/W3082183489","https://openalex.org/W3136925339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400423681","https://openalex.org/W4405376316","https://openalex.org/W4411387579","https://openalex.org/W3011097077","https://openalex.org/W2549315037","https://openalex.org/W7213317190","https://openalex.org/W7058060637","https://openalex.org/W3136190404","https://openalex.org/W4416386924","https://openalex.org/W2621719678"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Martial":[0],"arts":[1,44,107,233],"tourism":[2,11],"is":[3,18,246],"a":[4,247,256],"form":[5],"of":[6,25,41,61,87,103,128,151,157,198,201,204,220,227],"cultural,":[7],"sports":[8],"and":[9,55,57,80,113,117,135,185,206,259],"educational":[10],"that":[12,208],"requires":[13],"special":[14],"recognition;":[15],"particularly":[16],"important":[17],"knowledge":[19,28,54],"about":[20],"martial":[21,43,106,232,262],"arts.":[22],"The":[23,33,90,145,161,194,250],"sources":[24],"this":[26,202],"practical":[27],"are":[29,125,196,211],"especially":[30],"high-ranking":[31,42],"masters.":[32],"scientific":[34],"problem":[35],"raised":[36],"here":[37],"involves":[38],"the":[39,62,68,85,118,126,129,155,199,209,215,221,224,237,240],"issue":[40],"teachers":[45],"taking":[46],"trips":[47,69,167,210,251],"for":[48,173,236],"their":[49,77,82,174,182],"own":[50,175,183],"studies":[51],"(to":[52],"acquire":[53],"skills)":[56],"teaching":[58],"others.":[59],"Some":[60],"questions":[63,139],"addressed":[64,96],"include":[65],"how":[66],"often":[67],"occur":[70],"(single,":[71],"sporadic,":[72],"or":[73,265],"multiple,":[74],"regular),":[75],"what":[76,81],"effects":[78],"are,":[79],"meaning":[83],"is\u2014in":[84],"opinion":[86],"these":[88],"experts.":[89],"\u201cMartial":[91],"Arts":[92],"Tourism\u201d":[93],"questionnaire":[94],"was":[95],"to":[97,170,217,231,242,255],"N":[98],"=":[99],"12":[100],"people,":[101],"masters/teachers":[102],"high-rank":[104],"in":[105,115,132,154,163,181,186,261],"(level":[108],"7\u201310":[109],"dan/toan)":[110],"who":[111],"live":[112],"teach":[114,178],"Europe":[116,169],"USA,":[119],"but":[120],"come":[121],"from":[122,168],"Europe.":[123,187],"They":[124,177],"holders":[127],"highest":[130],"degrees":[131],"Chinese,":[133],"Japanese":[134],"Korean":[136],"styles.":[137],"Further":[138],"were":[140,148,252],"asked":[141],"through":[142],"direct":[143],"correspondence.":[144],"collected":[146],"statements":[147],"usedby":[149],"means":[150],"qualitative":[152],"analysis\u2014as":[153],"method":[156],"\u2018expert":[158],"courts\u2019/\u2019competent":[159],"judges\u2019.":[160],"respondents":[162,195,222],"most":[164],"cases":[165],"undertook":[166],"East":[171],"Asia":[172],"learning.":[176],"themselves":[179],"mainly":[180],"countries":[184],"Stays":[188],"rarely":[189],"lasted":[190],"over":[191],"two":[192],"weeks.":[193],"convinced":[197],"legitimacy":[200],"type":[203],"trip,":[205],"believe":[207],"very":[212],"helpful":[213],"on":[214],"way":[216],"mastery.":[218],"None":[219],"mentioned":[223],"material":[225],"forms":[226],"cultural":[228],"heritage":[229],"pertaining":[230],"as":[234],"motives":[235],"trips.":[238],"Therefore,":[239],"ability":[241],"visit":[243],"historic":[244],"places":[245],"marginal":[248],"concern.":[249],"directly":[253],"linked":[254],"career":[257],"path":[258],"self-improvement":[260],"arts,":[263],"learning":[264],"teaching.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-22T18:32:59.640997","created_date":"2020-10-29T00:00:00"}