{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093862676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.270","title":"Opening up the black box of scholarly synthesis: Intermediate products, processes, and tools","display_name":"Opening up the black box of scholarly synthesis: Intermediate products, processes, and tools","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093862676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.270","mag":"3093862676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pra2.270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918545","display_name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"2373-9231","issn":["2373-9231"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101737150","display_name":"Xin Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-2690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-2690"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002257700","display_name":"Katrina Fenlon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1483-5335","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1483-5335"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katrina Fenlon","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084223766","display_name":"Wayne G. Lutters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4193-2114","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4193-2114"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne Lutters","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003751225","display_name":"Joel Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-4160","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-4160"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101737150"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4555,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67878598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.40869998931884766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.40869998931884766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12648","display_name":"Academic Writing and Publishing","score":0.10679999738931656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13673","display_name":"Library Science and Information","score":0.08810000121593475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-practices","display_name":"work practices","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermediate-goods","display_name":"intermediate goods","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthesis-tools","display_name":"synthesis tools","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-reading","display_name":"active reading","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensemaking","display_name":"sensemaking","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/it-support","display_name":"IT support","score":0.5839999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777256151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7897273","display_name":"Unpacking","level":2,"score":0.7978810667991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780554381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063340","display_name":"Sensemaking","level":2,"score":0.7906680107116699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.6584219932556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5800510048866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5442919135093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.4594131410121918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4385329782962799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3665691614151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.34505224227905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16189044713974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1516065001487732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pra2.270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918545","display_name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"2373-9231","issn":["2373-9231"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64676784","https://openalex.org/W163309565","https://openalex.org/W165806930","https://openalex.org/W604632100","https://openalex.org/W1489969917","https://openalex.org/W1546116810","https://openalex.org/W1564003858","https://openalex.org/W1608294808","https://openalex.org/W1966122741","https://openalex.org/W1966951973","https://openalex.org/W1967164474","https://openalex.org/W1973000890","https://openalex.org/W1999730404","https://openalex.org/W2060126433","https://openalex.org/W2065765891","https://openalex.org/W2076960337","https://openalex.org/W2111628838","https://openalex.org/W2117957280","https://openalex.org/W2122624458","https://openalex.org/W2130598194","https://openalex.org/W2135880665","https://openalex.org/W2153247251","https://openalex.org/W2155811000","https://openalex.org/W2161660862","https://openalex.org/W2164026116","https://openalex.org/W2164430989","https://openalex.org/W2167805701","https://openalex.org/W2168840105","https://openalex.org/W2237001687","https://openalex.org/W2317293732","https://openalex.org/W2323473282","https://openalex.org/W2523565566","https://openalex.org/W4207081475","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3176921129","https://openalex.org/W4387606292","https://openalex.org/W4385889990","https://openalex.org/W2617078306","https://openalex.org/W100998915","https://openalex.org/W2264707891","https://openalex.org/W2796873117","https://openalex.org/W2400789934","https://openalex.org/W2170491417","https://openalex.org/W1984643037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Synthesis":[1],"is":[2,46,79],"a":[3,72,84,143,155,177],"foundational":[4,85],"scholarly":[5,58,76,169,184],"product":[6],"that":[7,171],"generates":[8],"new":[9],"conceptual":[10],"wholes":[11],"from":[12,30],"independent":[13],"intellectual":[14],"sources.":[15],"But":[16],"effective":[17],"synthesis":[18,45,53,93,145,173,185],"products\u2014such":[19],"as":[20,132],"literature":[21],"reviews\u2014are":[22],"rare,":[23],"in":[24,57,154],"part":[25],"due":[26],"to":[27,48,94],"inadequate":[28],"support":[29],"existing":[31],"tools":[32,106],"and":[33,62,105,128,149,174,182],"information":[34],"systems.":[35],"A":[36],"detailed,":[37],"situated":[38],"understanding":[39,165,181],"of":[40,52,67,69,75,88,138,158,166],"the":[41,50,89,96,101,117,167],"work":[42,56,90,163],"practices":[43,91,150,170],"behind":[44,92],"necessary":[47],"inform":[49],"development":[51],"tools.":[54,161],"Previous":[55],"primitives,":[59],"active":[60],"reading,":[61],"sensemaking":[63],"provide":[64],"partial":[65],"explanations":[66],"aspects":[68],"synthesis,":[70,77],"but":[71],"detailed":[73],"explanation":[74],"specifically,":[78],"lacking.":[80],"This":[81,162],"paper":[82],"presents":[83],"empirical":[86],"examination":[87],"address":[95],"gap,":[97],"focusing":[98],"on":[99,116],"unpacking":[100],"intermediate":[102,119,140],"products,":[103],"processes,":[104],"through":[107],"in\u2010depth":[108],"contextual":[109],"interviews":[110],"with":[111],"scholars.":[112],"Results":[113],"shed":[114],"light":[115],"distinctive":[118],"products":[120,141,148],"generated":[121],"during":[122],"synthesis\u2014including":[123],"in\u2010source":[124],"annotations,":[125],"per\u2010source":[126],"summaries,":[127],"cross\u2010source":[129],"syntheses\u2014as":[130],"well":[131],"effortful":[133],"processes":[134],"for":[135,180],"nonlinear":[136],"progression":[137],"these":[139],"towards":[142],"final":[144],"product.":[146],"These":[147],"were":[151],"also":[152],"embedded":[153],"complex":[156,168],"ecology":[157],"creative":[159],"re\u2010appropriated":[160],"enriches":[164],"produce":[172],"opens":[175],"up":[176],"research":[178],"agenda":[179],"supporting":[183],"more":[186],"generally.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2020-10-29T00:00:00"}
