{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093392691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.106","title":"The use of corticosteroids for COVID-19 infection","display_name":"The use of corticosteroids for COVID-19 infection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093392691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.106","mag":"3093392691","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34235424","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7346767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.106","pdf_url":"http://www.ajtccm.org.za/index.php/SARJ/article/download/297/309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180077","display_name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"2617-0191","issn":["2617-0191","2617-0205"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365383859","host_organization_name":"African Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365383859"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.ajtccm.org.za/index.php/SARJ/article/download/297/309","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034794370","display_name":"Guy Antony Richards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-3934","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-3934"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G A Richards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056953136","display_name":"Charles H. Feldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-8314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-8314","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-4456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Feldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0318,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45537341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"87","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticosteroids","display_name":"corticosteroids","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoxemia","display_name":"hypoxemia","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-dose-corticosteroid-therapy","display_name":"low-dose corticosteroid therapy","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-viral-infections","display_name":"respiratory viral infections","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-risks-and-benefits","display_name":"treatment risks and benefits","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.7683233022689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776804153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210420","display_name":"Corticosteroid","level":2,"score":0.7417920231819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.6715519428253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.6577138304710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6566444635391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019758011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055456","display_name":"Adrenal cortex hormones","level":2,"score":0.4894675016403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.4772864878177643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.4603095054626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.19246196746826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.14040765166282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.1380399465560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1377055048942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.11799052357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.106","pdf_url":"http://www.ajtccm.org.za/index.php/SARJ/article/download/297/309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180077","display_name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"2617-0191","issn":["2617-0191","2617-0205"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365383859","host_organization_name":"African Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365383859"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7346767","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7346767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34235424","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34235424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:3194435465","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://search.bvsalud.org/aimafro/resource/en/biblio-1257346","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i3.106","pdf_url":"http://www.ajtccm.org.za/index.php/SARJ/article/download/297/309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180077","display_name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","issn_l":"2617-0191","issn":["2617-0191","2617-0205"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jpps-2","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4365383859","host_organization_name":"African Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4365383859"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Thoracic and Critical Care Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093392691.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093392691.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043232914","https://openalex.org/W2319916234","https://openalex.org/W2610456504","https://openalex.org/W2759648022","https://openalex.org/W2769689735","https://openalex.org/W2886786491","https://openalex.org/W2927678279","https://openalex.org/W3001118548","https://openalex.org/W3004626187","https://openalex.org/W3011610993","https://openalex.org/W3011976215","https://openalex.org/W3013336676","https://openalex.org/W3013393665","https://openalex.org/W3013671288","https://openalex.org/W3015035592","https://openalex.org/W3016538467","https://openalex.org/W3016541457","https://openalex.org/W3017994966","https://openalex.org/W3023264778","https://openalex.org/W3024016727","https://openalex.org/W3024177957","https://openalex.org/W3024848265","https://openalex.org/W3025124391","https://openalex.org/W3025336075","https://openalex.org/W3036390686","https://openalex.org/W3089328535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206777690","https://openalex.org/W3115150133","https://openalex.org/W3037355344","https://openalex.org/W3184153098","https://openalex.org/W4295911017","https://openalex.org/W4382068622","https://openalex.org/W3118677437","https://openalex.org/W3137986280","https://openalex.org/W3081444255","https://openalex.org/W4280507044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"SARS-CoV-2":[1],"pandemic":[2],"is":[3,58],"continuing":[4],"relentlessly":[5],"in":[6,15,43,52,61,79,85,110],"many":[7,53],"parts":[8],"of":[9,18,23,34,41,46,54,76,99],"the":[10,16,24,31,39,44,62,66,72,90,97],"world":[11],"and":[12,28],"has":[13,49],"resulted":[14],"outpouring":[17],"literature":[19,63],"on":[20],"various":[21],"aspects":[22],"infection,":[25],"including":[26],"studies":[27,105],"recommendations":[29],"regarding":[30],"optimal":[32],"treatment":[33],"infected":[35],"patients.":[36],"Not":[37],"surprisingly,":[38],"use":[40,109],"corticosteroids":[42],"management":[45],"such":[47],"patients":[48],"featured":[50],"prominently":[51],"these":[55],"publications.":[56],"There":[57],"considerable":[59],"debate":[60],"as":[64,69,71],"to":[65,95],"likely":[67],"benefits,":[68],"well":[70],"potential":[73],"detrimental":[74],"effects":[75],"corticosteroid":[77,108,119],"therapy":[78],"general":[80],"viral":[81],"respiratory":[82],"infections":[83],"and,":[84],"particular,":[86],"COVID-19":[87,111],"infections.":[88],"While":[89],"definitive":[91],"answer":[92],"may":[93,115],"need":[94],"await":[96],"results":[98],"ongoing":[100],"randomised,":[101],"controlled":[102],"trials":[103],"recent":[104],"suggest":[106],"that":[107],"cases":[112],"with":[113],"hypoxaemia":[114],"benefit":[116],"from":[117],"low-dose":[118],"therapy.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-10-22T00:00:00"}