{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092866366","doi":null,"title":"Soft-Biometrics Estimation In the Era of Facial Masks","display_name":"Soft-Biometrics Estimation In the Era of Facial Masks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092866366","mag":"3092866366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-42931","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42931","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086684870","display_name":"Fernando Alonso\u2010Fernandez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-346X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-346X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Alonso\u2010Fernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005366268","display_name":"Kevin Hernandez\u2010Diaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-7843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-7843"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Hernandez Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053726712","display_name":"Silvia Ramis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1039-4387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1039-4387"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50441567","display_name":"Universitat de les Illes Balears","ror":"https://ror.org/03e10x626","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Ramis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Balearic Islands,Computer Graphics and Vision and AI Group,Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1039-4387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Balearic Islands,Computer Graphics and Vision and AI Group,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103044206","display_name":"Francisco J. Perales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-3172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-3172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50441567","display_name":"Universitat de les Illes Balears","ror":"https://ror.org/03e10x626","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco J. Perales","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Balearic Islands,Computer Graphics and Vision and AI Group,Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-3172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Balearic Islands,Computer Graphics and Vision and AI Group,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50441567"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041524830","display_name":"Josef Big\u00fcn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-1262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-1262"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I746986","display_name":"Halmstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h0qfp10","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josef Big\u00fcn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4929-1262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I746986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0358,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84333676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-biometrics","display_name":"soft biometrics","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-mask","display_name":"facial mask","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-estimation","display_name":"gender prediction","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-estimation","display_name":"age estimation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnicity-estimation","display_name":"ethnicity estimation","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-region","display_name":"oral region","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-recognition","display_name":"face recognition","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-learning","display_name":"transfer learning","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-off-the-shelf-systems","display_name":"commercial off-the-shelf systems","score":0.8140000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8451471924781799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7924769520759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6665979027748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.655497133731842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5326110124588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5275440216064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909791563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428367","display_name":"Face masks","level":5,"score":0.4799771308898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47067174315452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4500392973423004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.29182547330856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06582149863243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-42931","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"mag:3092866366","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hh.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1456941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419176","display_name":"International Conference on Biometrics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Biometrics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:hh-42931","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401463","display_name":"Hogskolan Ihalmstad (Halmstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I746986","host_organization_name":"Halmstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I746986"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W297909767","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1853137905","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2776621604","https://openalex.org/W2793708128","https://openalex.org/W2891520308","https://openalex.org/W2913591211","https://openalex.org/W2917983759","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W3099514962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3148354000","https://openalex.org/W4205794818","https://openalex.org/W6925555590","https://openalex.org/W7153702917","https://openalex.org/W2793708128","https://openalex.org/W4401159712","https://openalex.org/W6976858043","https://openalex.org/W2024941787","https://openalex.org/W7203694523","https://openalex.org/W4366597938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,79],"analyze":[1],"the":[2,27,32,45,48,56,71,75,92,103,109,112,123,130,150,158],"use":[3,33,157],"of":[4,34,47,58,119],"images":[5,69,100],"from":[6,70],"face":[7,14],"parts":[8],"to":[9,31,55,128,138],"estimate":[10,87],"soft-biometrics":[11,88],"indicators.":[12],"Partial":[13],"occlusion":[15],"is":[16,135],"common":[17],"in":[18,44,74,126,140],"unconstrained":[19],"scenarios,":[20],"and":[21,61],"it":[22],"has":[23],"become":[24],"mainstream":[25],"during":[26],"COVID-19":[28],"pandemic":[29],"due":[30],"masks.":[35],"Here,":[36],"we":[37,97,155],"apply":[38],"existing":[39],"pre-trained":[40],"CNN":[41],"architectures,":[42],"proposed":[43],"context":[46],"ImageNet":[49],"Large":[50],"Scale":[51],"Visual":[52],"Recognition":[53],"Challenge,":[54],"tasks":[57,142],"gender,":[59],"age,":[60],"ethnicity":[62],"estimation.":[63],"Experiments":[64],"are":[65],"done":[66],"with":[67],"12007":[68],"Labeled":[72],"Faces":[73],"Wild":[76],"(LFW)":[77],"database.":[78],"show":[80],"that":[81,148],"such":[82],"off-the-shelf":[83,145],"features":[84],"can":[85],"effectively":[86],"indicators":[89],"using":[90,122,129],"only":[91,102,115,156],"ocular":[93,124],"region.":[94,105],"For":[95],"completeness,":[96],"also":[98,136],"evaluate":[99],"showing":[101],"mouth":[104,161],"In":[106],"overall":[107],"terms,":[108],"network":[110],"providing":[111],"best":[113],"accuracy":[114,117],"suffers":[116],"drops":[118],"2-4%":[120],"when":[121],"region,":[125],"comparison":[127],"entire":[131],"face.":[132],"Our":[133],"approach":[134],"shown":[137],"outperform":[139],"several":[141],"two":[143],"commercial":[144],"systems":[146],"(COTS)":[147],"employ":[149],"whole":[151],"face,":[152],"even":[153],"if":[154],"eye":[159],"or":[160],"regions.":[162],"\u00a9":[163],"2020":[164],"German":[165],"Computer":[166],"Association":[167],"(Gesellschaft":[168],"f\u00fcr":[169],"Informatik":[170],"e.V.).":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2020-10-22T00:00:00"}
