{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092556841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i2/322-341","title":"CAMBODIAN TWELFTH GRADERS\u2019 CHOICE FOR ENGLISH PRIVATE TUTORING: QUIT OR NOT TO QUIT?","display_name":"CAMBODIAN TWELFTH GRADERS\u2019 CHOICE FOR ENGLISH PRIVATE TUTORING: QUIT OR NOT TO QUIT?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092556841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i2/322-341","mag":"3092556841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i2/322-341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i2/322-341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i2/322-341","pdf_url":"http://journal.teflin.org/index.php/journal/article/download/1034/337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737037958","display_name":"TEFLIN Journal - A publication on the teaching and learning of English","issn_l":"0215-773X","issn":["0215-773X","2356-2641"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314974","host_organization_name":"Association for the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314974"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TEFLIN Journal - A publication on the teaching and learning of English","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://journal.teflin.org/index.php/journal/article/download/1034/337","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041840404","display_name":"Sopha Soeung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-3021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-3021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sopha Soeung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hiroshima University 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8529, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hiroshima University 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8529, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041840404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0663,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8402881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"322","last_page":"322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13566","display_name":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13566","display_name":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11676","display_name":"Parental Involvement in Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-tutoring","display_name":"private tutoring","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cambodian-students","display_name":"Cambodian students","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-influence","display_name":"parental influence","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-aspirations","display_name":"educational aspirations","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrinsic-motivation","display_name":"intrinsic motivation","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-time-employment","display_name":"part-time work","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-examinations","display_name":"national examinations","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"English as a foreign language","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45504901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935222","display_name":"Syllabus","level":2,"score":0.8309639096260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.7165395021438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5849244594573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.5596426129341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.4520653188228607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4486083686351776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.37486714124679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.34882622957229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.217399001121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17579230666160583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11445143818855286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.09447824954986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i2/322-341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i2/322-341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i2/322-341","pdf_url":"http://journal.teflin.org/index.php/journal/article/download/1034/337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737037958","display_name":"TEFLIN Journal - A publication on the teaching and learning of English","issn_l":"0215-773X","issn":["0215-773X","2356-2641"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314974","host_organization_name":"Association for the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314974"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TEFLIN Journal - A publication on the teaching and learning of English","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:teflin.ejournal.web.id:article/1034","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journal.teflin.org/index.php/journal/article/view/1034","pdf_url":"https://journal.teflin.org/index.php/journal/article/download/1034/337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737037958","display_name":"TEFLIN Journal - A publication on the teaching and learning of English","issn_l":"0215-773X","issn":["0215-773X","2356-2641"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314974","host_organization_name":"Association for the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314974"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"0215-773X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d6cf8061b7f4738b4c7e555c6ec7f02","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d6cf8061b7f4738b4c7e555c6ec7f02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TEFLIN Journal, Vol 31, Iss 2 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i2/322-341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i2/322-341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v31i2/322-341","pdf_url":"http://journal.teflin.org/index.php/journal/article/download/1034/337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737037958","display_name":"TEFLIN Journal - A publication on the teaching and learning of English","issn_l":"0215-773X","issn":["0215-773X","2356-2641"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314974","host_organization_name":"Association for the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314974"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TEFLIN Journal - A publication on the teaching and learning of English","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092556841.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092556841.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117824777","https://openalex.org/W232558280","https://openalex.org/W1755644065","https://openalex.org/W1781759905","https://openalex.org/W1893938325","https://openalex.org/W1977000457","https://openalex.org/W1983701887","https://openalex.org/W2006778805","https://openalex.org/W2007321851","https://openalex.org/W2031909323","https://openalex.org/W2043836532","https://openalex.org/W2088734511","https://openalex.org/W2119646106","https://openalex.org/W2134849929","https://openalex.org/W2136753956","https://openalex.org/W2146012741","https://openalex.org/W2149376988","https://openalex.org/W2272179845","https://openalex.org/W2295957627","https://openalex.org/W2334166850","https://openalex.org/W2491256964","https://openalex.org/W2605260814","https://openalex.org/W2612800055","https://openalex.org/W2730573683","https://openalex.org/W2752577212","https://openalex.org/W2793689379","https://openalex.org/W2883352512","https://openalex.org/W2971225681","https://openalex.org/W6663584071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381806157","https://openalex.org/W4378878009","https://openalex.org/W3009670853","https://openalex.org/W2781840216","https://openalex.org/W7071728285","https://openalex.org/W2902890089","https://openalex.org/W7198667444","https://openalex.org/W4392138223","https://openalex.org/W2605260814","https://openalex.org/W1517046230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Private":[0],"tutoring":[1,18,135],"is":[2,28,105,116,161],"not":[3,65,153],"a":[4,21,45,86],"new":[5],"phenomenon":[6],"for":[7],"education":[8],"in":[9,35,83,150,156,158,172,188],"both":[10,173],"developed":[11,169],"and":[12,170,176],"developing":[13],"countries.":[14],"However,":[15],"English":[16,27],"private":[17,134],"(EPT)":[19],"attracted":[20],"limited":[22],"number":[23],"of":[24,71,102,113,136,184],"studies,":[25],"although":[26],"viewed":[29],"as":[30,44,123,125,191,193],"the":[31,51,69,72,100,181],"key":[32],"to":[33,55,179],"success":[34,182],"non-English":[36],"speaking":[37],"countries":[38],"like":[39],"Cambodia.":[40],"By":[41],"observing":[42],"EPT":[43,67,104,115,177],"choice,":[46],"this":[47,141],"mixed-method":[48],"study,":[49],"using":[50],"convergent":[52],"design,":[53],"aimed":[54],"explore":[56],"factors":[57],"affecting":[58],"Cambodian":[59,185],"12th":[60,186],"graders":[61,82,187],"towards":[62],"quitting":[63,66],"or":[64],"during":[68,128],"year":[70],"national":[73],"examination.":[74],"Quantitative":[75],"data":[76,91],"were":[77,92],"collected":[78],"from":[79,94,146],"639":[80],"twelfth":[81],"Cambodia":[84,151],"via":[85],"self-rated":[87],"questionnaire,":[88],"while":[89,111],"qualitative":[90],"obtained":[93],"8":[95],"respondents.":[96],"Findings":[97],"reveal":[98],"that":[99,112,144,163],"decision":[101],"leaving":[103],"more":[106],"influenced":[107],"by":[108,118],"their":[109,129,189,194],"parents,":[110],"continuing":[114],"stirred":[117],"educational":[119],"aspirations,":[120],"internal":[121],"motivation":[122],"well":[124,192],"part-time":[126],"employment":[127],"university":[130],"life.":[131],"Surprisingly,":[132],"unlike":[133],"other":[137],"core":[138],"exam":[139],"subjects,":[140],"study":[142],"found":[143],"students":[145],"better":[147],"income":[148],"families":[149],"do":[152],"seem":[154],"interested":[155],"investing":[157],"EPT.":[159],"It":[160],"proposed":[162],"an":[164],"\u2018exam-career":[165],"balance\u2019":[166],"syllabus":[167],"be":[168],"implemented":[171],"mainstream":[174],"schools":[175],"classes":[178],"boost":[180],"probability":[183],"exams":[190],"future.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-10-15T00:00:00"}