{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092444004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107029","title":"Relationships between urban form and air quality at different spatial scales: A case study from northern China","display_name":"Relationships between urban form and air quality at different spatial scales: A case study from northern China","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092444004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107029","mag":"3092444004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107029","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20309687/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194154261","display_name":"Ecological Indicators","issn_l":"1470-160X","issn":["1470-160X","1872-7034"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Indicators","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20309687/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fan Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Construction Management and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Construction Management and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045411017","display_name":"Tao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-8331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-8331"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Construction Economy and Management, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","School of Construction Management and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1295-8331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Construction Economy and Management, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Construction Management and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449001","display_name":"Feng Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5916-1431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5916-1431"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045411017"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":5.5818,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96125442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"121","issue":null,"first_page":"107029","last_page":"107029"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.17110000550746918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.17110000550746918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13909","display_name":"Environmental Quality and Pollution","score":0.15119999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.12600000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-form","display_name":"urban form","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-quality","display_name":"air quality","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-scale","display_name":"spatial scale","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-fragmentation","display_name":"urban fragmentation","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-continuity","display_name":"urban continuity","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographically-weighted-regression","display_name":"geographically weighted regression","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-green-space","display_name":"urban green space","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefecture-level-cities","display_name":"prefecture-level cities","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-china","display_name":"northern China","score":0.8309999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126314574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364111","display_name":"Air quality index","level":2,"score":0.793943464756012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.696639358997345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6657862663269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.6109141707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5874314904212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5629687905311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.5190666317939758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5173215866088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702492","display_name":"Urban area","level":2,"score":0.45225077867507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4516907036304474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173727882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153620","display_name":"Common spatial pattern","level":2,"score":0.43771880865097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4262201488018036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.24913617968559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.24110668897628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20692333579063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.16175448894500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12282681465148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107029","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20309687/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194154261","display_name":"Ecological Indicators","issn_l":"1470-160X","issn":["1470-160X","1872-7034"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Indicators","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:50eda3c3e43341d883d6ba40cbfd23e6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/50eda3c3e43341d883d6ba40cbfd23e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Indicators, Vol 121, Iss , Pp 107029- (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107029","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20309687/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194154261","display_name":"Ecological Indicators","issn_l":"1470-160X","issn":["1470-160X","1872-7034"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Indicators","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2745851955","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020CDJSK03PT08","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3916273230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020CDJSK03ZH05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092444004.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092444004.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603428244","https://openalex.org/W1599043334","https://openalex.org/W1652084183","https://openalex.org/W1973630995","https://openalex.org/W1974853197","https://openalex.org/W1975678988","https://openalex.org/W1977356088","https://openalex.org/W1980748876","https://openalex.org/W2005828912","https://openalex.org/W2016651568","https://openalex.org/W2017388934","https://openalex.org/W2023346378","https://openalex.org/W2030437556","https://openalex.org/W2039206173","https://openalex.org/W2045066934","https://openalex.org/W2046503078","https://openalex.org/W2058093534","https://openalex.org/W2067574194","https://openalex.org/W2068687480","https://openalex.org/W2070393244","https://openalex.org/W2071918069","https://openalex.org/W2075639210","https://openalex.org/W2090099114","https://openalex.org/W2100794062","https://openalex.org/W2110657803","https://openalex.org/W2121623889","https://openalex.org/W2131013649","https://openalex.org/W2135333976","https://openalex.org/W2141694246","https://openalex.org/W2295419512","https://openalex.org/W2298390799","https://openalex.org/W2318032265","https://openalex.org/W2355091812","https://openalex.org/W2494035975","https://openalex.org/W2531333248","https://openalex.org/W2568589931","https://openalex.org/W2596025531","https://openalex.org/W2604702583","https://openalex.org/W2607137338","https://openalex.org/W2610316289","https://openalex.org/W2618411104","https://openalex.org/W2739794078","https://openalex.org/W2752691495","https://openalex.org/W2765738289","https://openalex.org/W2773060379","https://openalex.org/W2779682633","https://openalex.org/W2792044558","https://openalex.org/W2796409515","https://openalex.org/W2809260080","https://openalex.org/W2890420601","https://openalex.org/W2895092816","https://openalex.org/W2898191027","https://openalex.org/W2909347110","https://openalex.org/W2911321509","https://openalex.org/W2915523226","https://openalex.org/W2947064583","https://openalex.org/W3021807464","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6741825927","https://openalex.org/W6885096287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2911321509","https://openalex.org/W2618411104","https://openalex.org/W2131013649","https://openalex.org/W4410168933","https://openalex.org/W4224118820","https://openalex.org/W6944112543","https://openalex.org/W2796409515","https://openalex.org/W2568589931","https://openalex.org/W2354204693","https://openalex.org/W3095810833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Examining":[0],"the":[1,36,48,126,136,164,198,202],"relationships":[2,40,160],"between":[3,41,146],"urban":[4,42,84,98,147,185],"form":[5,43,80,148],"and":[6,20,29,38,44,52,56,88,100,131,139,149,182],"air":[7,45,109,123,150],"quality":[8,46,69,110,124,151],"on":[9],"small":[10,190],"spatial":[11,59,114,156,191],"scales":[12,60],"across":[13],"multiple":[14],"cities":[15,64],"could":[16],"simultaneously":[17],"identify":[18,35],"between-":[19],"within-city":[21],"impacts.":[22],"The":[23,143,170],"current":[24],"study":[25],"used":[26],"linear":[27],"regression":[28,32],"geographically":[30],"weighted":[31],"models":[33],"to":[34,107,155],"overall":[37,144],"local":[39,159],"at":[47,53,111,125,135],"city":[49,127,195],"administrative":[50,128],"unit,":[51],"50":[54,62,137],"km":[55,58],"10":[57,140],"in":[61,65,174],"prefecture-level":[63],"northern":[66],"China.":[67],"Air":[68],"data":[70],"were":[71,105],"obtained":[72],"from":[73,94],"235":[74],"monitoring":[75],"stations":[76],"throughout":[77],"2015.":[78],"Urban":[79,116],"was":[81],"characterized":[82],"by":[83],"fragmentation,":[85],"sparseness,":[86],"continuity":[87,99],"forest":[89,102],"area":[90,103],"ratio,":[91],"as":[92],"computed":[93],"satellite":[95],"images.":[96],"High":[97],"low":[101],"ratios":[104],"related":[106],"poor":[108],"all":[112],"three":[113],"scales.":[115,142],"sparseness":[117],"had":[118],"a":[119,132,194],"positive":[120],"relationship":[121,134,145],"with":[122,163,167],"unit":[129],"scale":[130],"negligible":[133],"km-":[138,141],"varied":[152,161],"little":[153],"according":[154],"scale,":[157],"while":[158],"widely,":[162],"difference":[165],"increasing":[166],"decreasing":[168],"scale.":[169],"findings":[171],"suggest":[172],"that,":[173],"general,":[175],"public":[176],"policy":[177],"should":[178,196],"encourage":[179],"scattered,":[180],"polycentric,":[181],"highly":[183],"forested":[184],"forms;":[186],"however,":[187],"policies":[188],"for":[189],"units":[192],"within":[193],"consider":[197],"specific":[199],"conditions":[200],"of":[201],"unit.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-10-15T00:00:00"}