{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092307169","doi":null,"title":"The Effects of Race and Gender on Income and Workplace Position of Professional Engineers in Ontario: Can Homophily Preferences Help Explain Barriers?","display_name":"The Effects of Race and Gender on Income and Workplace Position of Professional Engineers in Ontario: Can Homophily Preferences Help Explain Barriers?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092307169","mag":"3092307169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:sociology_masrp-1038","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp/49","pdf_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=sociology_masrp","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MA Research Paper","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=sociology_masrp","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023353164","display_name":"Jayzer E. Flores","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jayzer E. Flores","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023353164"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.4772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.4772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.22139999270439148,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.12700000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homophily","display_name":"homophily","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-engineers","display_name":"professional engineers","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"race","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender","display_name":"gender","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-minorities","display_name":"visible minorities","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-engineering","display_name":"women in engineering","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-discrimination","display_name":"employment discrimination","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market-inequality","display_name":"labor market inequality","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-segregation","display_name":"occupational segregation","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality","display_name":"income inequality","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontario","display_name":"Ontario","score":0.6069999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891525","display_name":"Homophily","level":2,"score":0.9345962405204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7910242080688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6556622982025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.47912976145744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.40815743803977966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4056795835494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4027724266052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.39692896604537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32120585441589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28216394782066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.16137316823005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:sociology_masrp-1038","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp/49","pdf_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=sociology_masrp","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MA Research Paper","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/14894","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/14894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"research report"},{"id":"mag:3092307169","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=sociology_masrp","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:sociology_masrp-1038","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp/49","pdf_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=sociology_masrp","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MA Research Paper","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.7307999730110168,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6452000141143799,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092307169.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092307169.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W409344806","https://openalex.org/W2067589470","https://openalex.org/W2070096399","https://openalex.org/W2074830437","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2143645464","https://openalex.org/W2290993493","https://openalex.org/W2337002970","https://openalex.org/W3008219530"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4290374545","https://openalex.org/W4391358919","https://openalex.org/W4401314235","https://openalex.org/W4412870718","https://openalex.org/W7155488045","https://openalex.org/W4403764220","https://openalex.org/W2973453625","https://openalex.org/W6903886322","https://openalex.org/W7139204717","https://openalex.org/W2802296180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Canada":[0,88],"has":[1,22,117],"an":[2,77,160],"extensive":[3],"history":[4],"of":[5,37,51,63,82,125,137,168,177,189],"anti-discrimination":[6],"legislation":[7],"to":[8,17,72,164,195],"reduce":[9,196],"inequality":[10,180],"for":[11,26,47,80,99],"minority":[12,27,101],"groups,":[13],"yet,":[14],"they":[15],"continue":[16],"experience":[18],"disadvantage.":[19],"Recent":[20],"literature":[21],"suggested":[23],"that":[24,91],"barriers":[25,119],"groups":[28],"into":[29],"and":[30,65,115,120,129,153,181],"within":[31,69,84,173],"work":[32],"persists":[33],"in":[34,103,147,170,193],"part":[35],"because":[36,55],"subtle":[38],"processes":[39],"like":[40],"homophily":[41,59,83,169],"as":[42],"individuals":[43],"develop":[44],"a":[45,108],"preference":[46],"similar":[48],"others.":[49],"Studies":[50],"professions":[52,98],"are":[53,67,113],"important":[54],"previous":[56],"studies":[57],"suggest":[58],"preferences":[60,128],"along":[61],"dimensions":[62],"race":[64],"gender":[66],"high":[68],"professions,":[70,85],"contributing":[71],"widening":[73],"inequalities.":[74,142],"Engineering":[75,151],"provides":[76],"excellent":[78],"case":[79],"analysis":[81],"since":[86],"Statistics":[87],"data":[89],"suggests":[90],"engineering":[92],"is":[93,106],"among":[94],"the":[95,123,135,144,148,166,187],"most":[96],"common":[97],"visible":[100],"men":[102],"Canada.":[104],"It":[105],"also":[107],"profession,":[109],"wherein":[110],"few":[111],"women":[112],"employed,":[114],"research":[116],"identified":[118],"discrimination":[121],"limiting":[122],"opportunities":[124],"minorities.":[126],"Homophily":[127],"discriminatory":[130],"workplace":[131],"practices":[132],"might":[133],"be":[134],"source":[136],"these":[138],"barriers,":[139],"reproducing":[140,171],"social":[141],"Using":[143],"Canadian":[145],"Workers":[146],"Knowledge":[149],"Economy":[150],"Survey":[152],"parallel":[154],"in-depth":[155],"interviews,":[156],"this":[157],"study":[158],"employs":[159],"explanatory":[161],"mixed-methods":[162],"design":[163],"explore":[165],"role":[167],"inequalities":[172],"engineering.":[174],"Greater":[175],"understanding":[176],"labour":[178,197],"market":[179,198],"how":[182],"it":[183],"operates":[184],"can":[185],"inform":[186],"implementation":[188],"more":[190],"effective":[191],"policies,":[192],"order":[194],"inequality.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-10-15T00:00:00"}