{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091870652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240503","title":"Cost-effectiveness and return on investment of protecting health workers in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic","display_name":"Cost-effectiveness and return on investment of protecting health workers in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091870652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240503","mag":"3091870652","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33035244","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7546502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240503","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240503&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240503&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008674141","display_name":"Nicholas Risko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2804","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2804"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Risko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA","Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089916619","display_name":"Kalin Werner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-5397","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-5397"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalin Werner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-5397","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025427376","display_name":"Ogechukwu Agatha Offorjebe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3692-6644","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3692-6644"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Agatha Offorjebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA","University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044838439","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s I. Vecino-Ortiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8089-2488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8089-2488"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andres I. Vecino-Ortiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA","Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8089-2488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028420721","display_name":"Lee Alan Wallis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-3139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-3139"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee A. Wallis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-3139","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060956765","display_name":"Junaid Razzak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-9094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-9094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Razzak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA","Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0735-9094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008674141"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":{"value":1695,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1695},"apc_paid":{"value":1695,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1695},"fwci":7.0477,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97146318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"e0240503","last_page":"e0240503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.5234000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.5234000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.21770000457763672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.09059999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-protective-equipment","display_name":"personal protective equipment","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-workers","display_name":"healthcare workers","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-on-investment","display_name":"return on investment","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-distancing","display_name":"social distancing","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic-response","display_name":"pandemic response","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-burden-of-infection","display_name":"economic burden of infection","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333024","display_name":"Personal protective equipment","level":5,"score":0.7550857067108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.6058441400527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169549615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939134","display_name":"Return on investment","level":3,"score":0.5997209548950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164624739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754331","display_name":"Activity-based costing","level":2,"score":0.5805317759513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.5366750359535217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.49455639719963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.46408507227897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4246412515640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.422129362821579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.390813410282135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.2208881676197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2036844789981842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16377875208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11238417029380798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.08473104238510132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.08225253224372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067393","descriptor_name":"Personal Protective Equipment","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067393","descriptor_name":"Personal Protective Equipment","qualifier_ui":"Q000600","qualifier_name":"supply & distribution","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006280","descriptor_name":"Health Workforce","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006282","descriptor_name":"Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240503","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240503&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1101/2020.06.22.20137257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.22.20137257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.22.20137257","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/06/23/2020.06.22.20137257.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3581455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3581455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3581455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7546502","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7546502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:33035244","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33035244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:frl.publisso.de:frl:6427964","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6427964","pdf_url":"https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6427965/data","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196269","display_name":"PUBLISSO (German National Library of Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210112663","host_organization_name":"ZB MED - Information Centre for Life Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112663"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE, 15(10):e0240503","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0240503","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b052edc94e2462c95d59b7400a55abf","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b052edc94e2462c95d59b7400a55abf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 10, p e0240503 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240503","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240503&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3091870652.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3091870652.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143025931","https://openalex.org/W2519603001","https://openalex.org/W3005079553","https://openalex.org/W3010409396","https://openalex.org/W3011109778","https://openalex.org/W3012804303","https://openalex.org/W3012832369","https://openalex.org/W3015476276","https://openalex.org/W3027154499","https://openalex.org/W3030195495","https://openalex.org/W3032742287","https://openalex.org/W3048976013","https://openalex.org/W3163226127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6938976750","https://openalex.org/W4381684040","https://openalex.org/W4312579368","https://openalex.org/W4390599086","https://openalex.org/W3034956627","https://openalex.org/W7028994181","https://openalex.org/W4404967548","https://openalex.org/W4385246869","https://openalex.org/W3087333609","https://openalex.org/W4297820392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"In":[1,143,184],"this":[2],"paper,":[3],"we":[4,36],"predict":[5],"the":[6,69,78,129,181],"health":[7,20,34],"and":[8,26,41,45,60,77,114,136,167,188,203,208],"economic":[9],"consequences":[10],"of":[11,81,88,131,150,156,173,180,190],"immediate":[12],"investment":[13,48,87],"in":[14,24,96],"personal":[15],"protective":[16],"equipment":[17],"(PPE)":[18],"for":[19,33,39,192],"care":[21],"workers":[22],"(HCWs)":[23],"low-":[25],"middle-income":[27],"countries":[28],"(LMICs).":[29],"METHODS:":[30],"To":[31],"account":[32],"consequences,":[35],"estimated":[37],"mortality":[38,168],"HCWs":[40,95,151],"present":[42],"a":[43,52,132,174,210],"cost-effectiveness":[44],"return":[46,213],"on":[47,214],"(ROI)":[49],"analysis":[50,59],"using":[51],"decision-analytic":[53],"model":[54],"with":[55],"Bayesian":[56],"multivariate":[57],"sensitivity":[58],"Monte":[61],"Carlo":[62],"simulation.":[63],"Data":[64],"sources":[65],"included":[66],"inputs":[67],"from":[68],"World":[70],"Health":[71],"Organization":[72],"Essential":[73],"Supplies":[74],"Forecasting":[75],"Tool":[76],"Imperial":[79],"College":[80],"London":[82],"epidemiologic":[83],"model.":[84],"RESULTS:":[85],"An":[86],"$9.6":[89],"billion":[90,127],"USD":[91,109,116],"would":[92,101,124],"adequately":[93],"protect":[94],"all":[97],"LMICs.":[98],"This":[99],"intervention":[100],"save":[102],"2,299,543":[103],"lives":[104],"across":[105],"LMICs,":[106],"costing":[107],"$59":[108],"per":[110,117],"HCW":[111,118,162,201],"case":[112],"averted":[113],"$4,309":[115],"life":[119],"saved.":[120],"The":[121],"societal":[122],"ROI":[123],"be":[125],"$755.3":[126],"USD,":[128],"equivalent":[130],"7,932%":[133],"return.":[134],"Regional":[135],"national":[137],"estimates":[138],"are":[139],"also":[140],"presented.":[141],"DISCUSSION:":[142],"scenarios":[144],"where":[145],"PPE":[146,175,191],"remains":[147],"scarce,":[148],"70-100%":[149],"will":[152],"get":[153],"infected,":[154],"irrespective":[155],"nationwide":[157],"social":[158],"distancing":[159],"policies.":[160],"Maintaining":[161],"infection":[163],"rates":[164],"below":[165,169],"10%":[166],"1%":[170],"requires":[171],"inclusion":[172],"scale-up":[176],"strategy":[177,197],"as":[178],"part":[179],"pandemic":[182],"response.":[183],"conclusion,":[185],"wide-scale":[186],"procurement":[187],"distribution":[189],"LMICs":[193],"is":[194,206],"an":[195],"essential":[196],"to":[198],"prevent":[199],"widespread":[200],"morbidity":[202],"mortality.":[204],"It":[205],"cost-effective":[207],"yields":[209],"large":[211],"downstream":[212],"investment.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-10-15T00:00:00"}
