{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091573852","doi":null,"title":"Role of probiotics in prevention and control of viral infection","display_name":"Role of probiotics in prevention and control of viral infection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091573852","mag":"3091573852"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3091573852","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.florajournal.com/archives/2020/vol8issue5/PartA/7-5-70-493.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764907976","display_name":"International Journal of Herbal Medicine","issn_l":"2321-2187","issn":["2321-2187","2394-0514"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Herbal Medicine","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.florajournal.com/archives/2020/vol8issue5/PartA/7-5-70-493.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059530389","display_name":"Mahima Arora","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahima Arora","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053810016","display_name":"Santosh Kumar Karn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9803-4182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9803-4182"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santosh Kumar Karn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9803-4182","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103929891","display_name":"RK Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RK Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100757449","display_name":"Anil Kumar Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-1644","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-1644"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A\u00f1il Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-1644","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"42","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotics","display_name":"probiotics","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-infection-prevention","display_name":"viral infection prevention","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-viruses","display_name":"respiratory viruses","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactobacilli","display_name":"lactobacilli","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bifidobacterium","display_name":"Bifidobacterium","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toll-like-receptors","display_name":"Toll-like receptors","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nod-like-receptors","display_name":"NOD-like receptors","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-immune-response","display_name":"innate immune response","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-signaling","display_name":"interferon signaling","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokines","display_name":"cytokines","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov","display_name":"SARS-CoV","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avian-influenza","display_name":"avian influenza","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zika-virus","display_name":"Zika virus","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ebola-virus-disease","display_name":"Ebola virus disease","score":0.8270000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7673479914665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.7271308302879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6488873362541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.5457344651222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111289621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418772","display_name":"Pattern recognition receptor","level":4,"score":0.5266427993774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5248375535011292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7573103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416481","display_name":"NOD2","level":4,"score":0.5194544196128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.4883429706096649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776444769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259464","display_name":"Muramyl dipeptide","level":3,"score":0.48126479983329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.4401933550834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.1480640470981598}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3091573852","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.florajournal.com/archives/2020/vol8issue5/PartA/7-5-70-493.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764907976","display_name":"International Journal of Herbal Medicine","issn_l":"2321-2187","issn":["2321-2187","2394-0514"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Herbal Medicine","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3091573852","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.florajournal.com/archives/2020/vol8issue5/PartA/7-5-70-493.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764907976","display_name":"International Journal of Herbal Medicine","issn_l":"2321-2187","issn":["2321-2187","2394-0514"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Herbal Medicine","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9789000153541565}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1742568073","https://openalex.org/W1975219533","https://openalex.org/W1985396087","https://openalex.org/W2002095667","https://openalex.org/W2006862991","https://openalex.org/W2008639012","https://openalex.org/W2024465798","https://openalex.org/W2034374754","https://openalex.org/W2049729616","https://openalex.org/W2076394696","https://openalex.org/W2088534326","https://openalex.org/W2104275483","https://openalex.org/W2146523057","https://openalex.org/W2149074973","https://openalex.org/W2160761420","https://openalex.org/W2167294690","https://openalex.org/W2275770700","https://openalex.org/W2528802042","https://openalex.org/W2767132936","https://openalex.org/W2793459212","https://openalex.org/W2804752428","https://openalex.org/W2914734699","https://openalex.org/W2927791907","https://openalex.org/W2976036447","https://openalex.org/W3010699833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118971139","https://openalex.org/W2784217702","https://openalex.org/W3153570060","https://openalex.org/W3200006965","https://openalex.org/W3092694889","https://openalex.org/W3213888057","https://openalex.org/W2413279970","https://openalex.org/W7215178177","https://openalex.org/W3060604810","https://openalex.org/W4384941180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Probiotics":[0,92],"are":[1,56,61,105,218,249],"living":[2],"microorganisms":[3],"which":[4,60,104,112,141,247],"administered":[5],"in":[6,21,346],"adequate":[7],"amounts":[8],"confer":[9],"a":[10,14,65,114,179,281,335,342,373,379],"health":[11],"benefit":[12],"on":[13,122,425],"host.":[15],"The":[16,47,357],"risk":[17,328],"of":[18,28,42,51,67,77,81,88,126,209,230,237,269,306,312,317,329,375,382,398,434],"viral":[19,330,427,438,449],"infection":[20,273,331,428,450],"humans":[22,307],"increased":[23,303],"exponentially.":[24],"However,":[25],"the":[26,38,78,86,123,133,138,149,183,202,228,233,243,265,302,315,327,355,387,395,418,426,431,444],"efficacy":[27],"vaccines":[29],"and":[30,58,101,109,152,162,170,174,190,215,235,242,253,267,308,310,321,386,400,412,429,441],"remedies":[31],"for":[32,232,264,284],"infectious":[33,240,270,439],"disease":[34,388,440],"is":[35,84,113,206,423,452],"limited":[36],"by":[37,147,246,454],"high":[39],"mutation":[40,377],"rate":[41],"virus,":[43,295,299],"especially":[44],"RNA":[45],"viruses.":[46],"most":[48],"common":[49,408],"type":[50],"microbes":[52],"used":[53],"as":[54,64,71,97,256,378],"probiotics":[55,127,195,231,436],"Lactobacilli":[57],"Bifidobacteria,":[59],"generally":[62],"consumed":[63],"part":[66],"fermented":[68],"foods,":[69],"such":[70,96,255],"yoghurt":[72],"or":[73],"dietary":[74],"supplements.":[75],"One":[76],"major":[79],"mechanisms":[80],"probiotic":[82],"action":[83],"through":[85],"regulation":[87],"host":[89],"immune":[90,145,181,184,203,213,445],"response.":[91,204],"contain":[93],"immunostimulatory":[94],"substances":[95],"lipoteichoic":[98],"acid,":[99,103],"peptidoglycan":[100],"nucleic":[102],"toll-like":[106],"receptor":[107,116],"ligands,":[108],"muramyl":[110],"dipeptide,":[111],"nod-like":[115],"ligand.":[117],"Different":[118,251],"experiments":[119],"provide":[120,197],"insight":[121],"clinical":[124],"effects":[125],"against":[128,437,448],"respiratory":[129,139,292,396,415],"virus":[130,319,358,371,392],"infections.":[131],"Commonly":[132],"retro":[134],"viruses":[135,173,248],"interact":[136],"with":[137,407],"epithelium,":[140],"generates":[142],"an":[143],"innate":[144],"response":[146,214],"activating":[148],"IFN":[150],"signaling":[151],"other":[153],"proinflammatory":[154,187],"cytokines.":[155],"Once":[156],"cytokines":[157],"have":[158,261,324],"been":[159,262,278],"secreted,":[160],"macrophages":[161],"NK":[163],"cells":[164],"will":[165],"be":[166],"recruited":[167],"to":[168,200,211,442],"phagocytize":[169],"kill":[171],"both":[172],"viral-infected":[175],"cells.":[176],"To":[177],"trigger":[178],"specific":[180],"response,":[182],"system":[185],"needs":[186],"cytokines,":[188],"energy,":[189],"some":[191,198],"cofactor":[192],"elements.":[193],"Hence,":[194],"can":[196,367],"elements":[199],"boost":[201,212],"There":[205],"another":[207],"variety":[208],"mechanism":[210,245,447],"therefore":[216],"these":[217],"also":[219],"called":[220,359],"immuno":[221],"biotics.":[222],"In":[223,417],"this":[224],"communication,":[225],"we":[226],"highlight":[227],"effectiveness":[229],"prevention":[234,266],"treatment":[236,268],"virally":[238],"induced":[239,453],"diseases":[241,271,285],"unique":[244],"eliminated.":[250],"methods":[252],"strategies":[254],"vaccines,":[257],"antibiotics,":[258],"therapies,":[259],"etc.":[260,300],"performed":[263],"but":[272],"control":[274],"has":[275,332,350],"not":[276],"yet":[277],"achieved":[279],"at":[280],"sufficient":[282],"level":[283],"like":[286],"Ebola":[287],"haemorrhagic":[288],"fever,":[289],"severe":[290,413],"acute":[291,414],"syndrome":[293],"corona":[294,344],"avian":[296],"influenza,":[297],"Zika":[298],"As":[301],"geographical":[304],"movement":[305],"export":[309],"import":[311],"goods":[313],"increased,":[314],"numbers":[316],"pathogenic":[318],"species":[320],"affected":[322],"area":[323],"increased.":[325],"Therefore,":[326],"now":[333,351],"become":[334],"critical":[336],"issue.":[337],"Most":[338],"recently,":[339],"scientists":[340],"identified":[341],"new":[343],"outbreak":[345],"Wuhan,":[347],"China":[348],"that":[349,451],"reached":[352],"all":[353],"over":[354],"world.":[356],"Severe":[360],"Acute":[361],"Respiratory":[362],"Syndrome":[363],"Coronavirus":[364],"2":[365],"(SARS-CoV-2)":[366],"cause":[368],"COVID-19.":[369],"Corona":[370,391],"undergoes":[372],"process":[374],"discontinuous":[376],"result":[380],"development":[381],"vaccine":[383],"becomes":[384,389],"difficult":[385],"pandemics.":[390],"typically":[393],"affects":[394],"tracts":[397],"birds":[399],"mammals":[401],"including":[402],"humans.":[403],"Doctors":[404],"associate":[405],"them":[406],"cold,":[409],"bronchitis,":[410],"pneumonia,":[411],"syndrome.":[416],"current":[419],"studies,":[420],"special":[421],"emphasis":[422],"given":[424],"outlining":[430],"possible":[432],"application":[433],"several":[435],"explain":[443],"defence":[446],"probiotics.":[455]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2020-10-08T00:00:00"}