{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3090906752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18100/ijamec.797392","title":"Performance Evaluation of Capsule Networks for Classification of Plant Leaf Diseases","display_name":"Performance Evaluation of Capsule Networks for Classification of Plant Leaf Diseases","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3090906752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18100/ijamec.797392","mag":"3090906752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18100/ijamec.797392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18100/ijamec.797392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18100/ijamec.797392","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1299823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764636170","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics Electronics and Computers","issn_l":"2147-8228","issn":["2147-8228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics Electronics and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1299823","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071943644","display_name":"G\u00f6khan Altan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155859","display_name":"\u0130skenderun Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/052nzqz14","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155859"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G\u00f6khan Altan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISKENDERUN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISKENDERUN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155859"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071943644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155859"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7904,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69995204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"57","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capsule-networks","display_name":"capsule networks","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-leaf-disease-classification","display_name":"leaf disease classification","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bell-pepper","display_name":"sweet pepper","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-image-analysis","display_name":"leaf image analysis","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-information-preservation","display_name":"spatial information preservation","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation-learning","display_name":"representation learning","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7272390127182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6355385780334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6346052289009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5841845273971558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5345277786254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.5247554779052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4917600452899933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4834500253200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46035999059677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14688673615455627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18100/ijamec.797392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18100/ijamec.797392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18100/ijamec.797392","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1299823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764636170","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics Electronics and Computers","issn_l":"2147-8228","issn":["2147-8228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics Electronics and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ijamec.org:article/286","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijamec.org/index.php/ijamec/article/view/286","pdf_url":"https://ijamec.org/index.php/ijamec/article/download/286/264","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387997751","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Methods in Electronics and Computers","issn_l":"3023-4409","issn":["3023-4409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3023-4409","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/797392","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijamec/issue/56999/797392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18100/ijamec.797392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18100/ijamec.797392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18100/ijamec.797392","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1299823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764636170","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics Electronics and Computers","issn_l":"2147-8228","issn":["2147-8228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Mathematics Electronics and Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310962","display_name":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/0265wc016"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3090906752.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3090906752.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009331496","https://openalex.org/W2031417098","https://openalex.org/W2124075590","https://openalex.org/W2148461049","https://openalex.org/W2339460098","https://openalex.org/W2426747369","https://openalex.org/W2470368200","https://openalex.org/W2473156356","https://openalex.org/W2548258044","https://openalex.org/W2604194943","https://openalex.org/W2614850301","https://openalex.org/W2616728375","https://openalex.org/W2751777443","https://openalex.org/W2776705292","https://openalex.org/W2789255992","https://openalex.org/W2792362452","https://openalex.org/W2892846124","https://openalex.org/W2898585404","https://openalex.org/W2938959907","https://openalex.org/W2945450866","https://openalex.org/W2968101244","https://openalex.org/W2970561829","https://openalex.org/W2976711440","https://openalex.org/W2981368964","https://openalex.org/W3000217457","https://openalex.org/W3016775567","https://openalex.org/W3089867583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000217457","https://openalex.org/W4403717462","https://openalex.org/W4398204346","https://openalex.org/W4412996082","https://openalex.org/W4403488238","https://openalex.org/W7168128100","https://openalex.org/W4415748395","https://openalex.org/W4413918560","https://openalex.org/W3217636429","https://openalex.org/W3212854890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"Learning":[1],"(DL)":[2],"is":[3,74],"a":[4],"high":[5,199],"capable":[6],"machine":[7],"learning":[8,18,21,168,173],"algorithm":[9],"which":[10],"composed":[11],"the":[12,62,78,82,86,105,108,163,172,176,192],"advanced":[13],"image":[14],"processing":[15],"as":[16],"feature":[17,66,167],"and":[19,29,35,44,68,88,128,134,154,170,185,206,211],"supervised":[20],"with":[22,25],"detailed":[23,142],"models":[24,169,178],"many":[26,38],"hidden":[27],"layers":[28,93],"neurons.":[30],"DL":[31,177],"demonstrated":[32],"its":[33],"efficiency":[34],"robustness":[36],"in":[37],"big":[39],"data":[40],"problems,":[41],"computer":[42],"vision,":[43],"more.":[45],"Whereas":[46],"it":[47,55],"has":[48,56,139],"an":[49],"increasing":[50],"popularity":[51],"day":[52],"by":[53,80,94],"day,":[54],"still":[57],"some":[58],"deficiencies":[59],"to":[60,76,103],"construe":[61],"relationship":[63],"between":[64,92],"learned":[65],"maps":[67],"spatial":[69,90],"information.":[70],"Capsule":[71],"network":[72],"(CapsNET)":[73],"proposed":[75,102,157,195],"overcome":[77],"shortcoming":[79],"excluding":[81],"pooling":[83],"layer":[84],"from":[85],"architecture":[87,100],"transferring":[89],"information":[91],"capsule.":[95],"In":[96],"this":[97],"paper,":[98],"CapsNET":[99,138,158,196],"was":[101],"evaluate":[104],"performance":[106,201],"of":[107,112,141,165,175,203],"model":[109,159,197],"on":[110,120],"classification":[111,200],"plant":[113],"leaf":[114,121,124,187],"diseases":[115,125,130],"using":[116],"simple":[117],"reduced":[118],"capsules":[119],"images.":[122],"Plant":[123],"are":[126],"common":[127],"prevalent":[129],"that":[131,148],"disrupt":[132],"harvesting":[133],"yielding":[135],"for":[136,144,179,208],"agriculture.":[137],"capability":[140],"analysis":[143],"even":[145],"small":[146],"stains":[147],"may":[149],"lead":[150],"seed":[151],"dressing":[152],"time":[153],"duration.":[155],"The":[156,183,194],"aimed":[160],"at":[161],"assessing":[162],"applicability":[164],"various":[166],"enhancing":[171],"capacity":[174],"bell":[180],"pepper":[181],"plants.":[182],"healthy":[184],"diseased":[186],"images":[188],"were":[189],"fed":[190],"into":[191],"CapsNET.":[193],"reached":[198],"rates":[202],"95.76%,":[204],"96.37%,":[205],"97.49%":[207],"accuracy,":[209],"sensitivity,":[210],"specificity,":[212],"respectively.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-10-08T00:00:00"}
