{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3089188902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.558684","title":"Flower Conspicuousness to Bees Across Pollination Systems: A Generalized Test of the Bee-Avoidance Hypothesis","display_name":"Flower Conspicuousness to Bees Across Pollination Systems: A Generalized Test of the Bee-Avoidance Hypothesis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3089188902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.558684","mag":"3089188902","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33072143","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7542005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.558684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.558684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.558684","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.558684/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493613807","display_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","issn_l":"1664-462X","issn":["1664-462X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.558684/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057638892","display_name":"Gabriel Coimbra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0919-0547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0919-0547"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128604","display_name":"Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/033xtdz52","country_code":"BR","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128604"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Coimbra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048563002","display_name":"Carina Araujo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4258-9098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4258-9098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128604","display_name":"Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/033xtdz52","country_code":"BR","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128604"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carina Araujo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008844002","display_name":"Pedro Joaquim Bergamo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4984-4410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4984-4410"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128604","display_name":"Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/033xtdz52","country_code":"BR","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128604"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro J. Bergamo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072048166","display_name":"Leandro Freitas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4146-2514","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4146-2514"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128604","display_name":"Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/033xtdz52","country_code":"BR","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128604"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leandro Freitas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128604"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028351367","display_name":"Miguel Angel Rodr\u00edguez-Giron\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-9819","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-9819"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103887","display_name":"Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas","ror":"https://ror.org/01hq59z49","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210103887"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel A. Rodr\u00edguez-Giron\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Estaci\u00f3n Experimental de Zonas \u00c1ridas, Almer\u00eda, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estaci\u00f3n Experimental de Zonas \u00c1ridas, Almer\u00eda, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103887"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057638892"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128604"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":3.0234,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.916793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"558684","last_page":"558684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10135","display_name":"Insect-Plant Interactions and Control","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-purity","display_name":"spectral purity","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollination-systems","display_name":"pollination systems","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-cues","display_name":"olfactory cues","score":0.47099998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102789151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141466","display_name":"Pollinator","level":4,"score":0.855209469795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168197293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134624","display_name":"Pollination","level":3,"score":0.8241987228393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7919413447380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777612826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1390","display_name":"Insect","level":2,"score":0.6500766277313232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777907900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102857","display_name":"Honey bee","level":2,"score":0.47175341844558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.42255187034606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.34164559841156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780618852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932","display_name":"Pollen","level":2,"score":0.21973472833633423}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.558684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.558684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.558684","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.558684/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493613807","display_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","issn_l":"1664-462X","issn":["1664-462X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33072143","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33072143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in plant science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7542005","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7542005/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Plant Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df041994168b40a2ab21c95bd52c3ef7","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df041994168b40a2ab21c95bd52c3ef7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol 11 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.558684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.558684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.558684","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.558684/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493613807","display_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","issn_l":"1664-462X","issn":["1664-462X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322749","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk0s825"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3089188902.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3089188902.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W395608431","https://openalex.org/W1480162360","https://openalex.org/W1536206985","https://openalex.org/W1605984840","https://openalex.org/W1691083204","https://openalex.org/W1755895720","https://openalex.org/W1965616917","https://openalex.org/W1968931885","https://openalex.org/W1970618807","https://openalex.org/W1979144313","https://openalex.org/W1990221500","https://openalex.org/W1990417264","https://openalex.org/W1996597778","https://openalex.org/W1998028546","https://openalex.org/W2003736892","https://openalex.org/W2005901203","https://openalex.org/W2007339917","https://openalex.org/W2016494749","https://openalex.org/W2016607450","https://openalex.org/W2018540001","https://openalex.org/W2019848289","https://openalex.org/W2023711831","https://openalex.org/W2025701464","https://openalex.org/W2031768749","https://openalex.org/W2045425159","https://openalex.org/W2061820796","https://openalex.org/W2064248829","https://openalex.org/W2074154813","https://openalex.org/W2075961560","https://openalex.org/W2084881458","https://openalex.org/W2108486064","https://openalex.org/W2115931416","https://openalex.org/W2118917307","https://openalex.org/W2120003898","https://openalex.org/W2120092828","https://openalex.org/W2121533390","https://openalex.org/W2138448548","https://openalex.org/W2159085415","https://openalex.org/W2165977509","https://openalex.org/W2170158040","https://openalex.org/W2172251342","https://openalex.org/W2178987720","https://openalex.org/W2191936093","https://openalex.org/W2254704327","https://openalex.org/W2307179126","https://openalex.org/W2310057573","https://openalex.org/W2321772509","https://openalex.org/W2327911850","https://openalex.org/W2339683776","https://openalex.org/W2552239548","https://openalex.org/W2754209932","https://openalex.org/W2787609990","https://openalex.org/W2900958684","https://openalex.org/W2913441895","https://openalex.org/W2914393362","https://openalex.org/W2950316794","https://openalex.org/W3029145095","https://openalex.org/W4300096008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3029145095","https://openalex.org/W2900958684","https://openalex.org/W3017049291","https://openalex.org/W1990417264","https://openalex.org/W7130819294","https://openalex.org/W2512362988","https://openalex.org/W3105443838","https://openalex.org/W1755895720","https://openalex.org/W6910765632","https://openalex.org/W2060728734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flower":[0],"signals":[1,206,218,305],"of":[2,17,26,63,91,134,185,253,279],"bee-":[3],"and":[4,33,120,143,158,163,175,199,273,281,298,308],"bird-pollinated":[5],"plants":[6,248],"have":[7],"converged":[8],"via":[9,216],"pollinator-mediated":[10],"evolution,":[11],"driven":[12],"by":[13,39,49,151,250],"the":[14,92,169,208,291],"visual":[15,125,205,304],"system":[16],"their":[18],"respective":[19],"pollinators.":[20],"For":[21,114],"bird":[22,104,200,222,296],"flowers,":[23,138,201,223],"sensory":[24,214,231],"exclusion":[25,35,184,215],"less":[27,72],"effective":[28],"bees":[29,142,174,191,272,307],"is":[30,36,219],"also":[31,37,53,82,167,263],"important":[32],"such":[34,76,154,236],"mediated":[38],"floral":[40],"morphological":[41,183,280],"filters.":[42],"Likewise,":[43],"other":[44,108,144,230],"systems":[45,111,126],"based":[46],"on":[47],"pollination":[48,110,135],"red-sensitive":[50,152,254],"insects":[51,153,255],"are":[52,71],"associated":[54],"with":[55],"red":[56],"flowers":[57,80,105,140,148,227,297],"displaying":[58],"lower":[59,204,303],"short-wavelength":[60],"secondary":[61],"peaks":[62],"reflectance,":[64],"which":[65],"decreases":[66],"detectability":[67],"to":[68,74,97,173,190,203,221,233,247,271,306],"animals":[69],"that":[70,212],"sensitive":[73],"red,":[75],"as":[77,112,127,155,179,237],"bees.":[78,186],"These":[79],"often":[81],"present":[83],"long":[84,309],"tubes.":[85,310],"Here,":[86],"we":[87,116],"tested":[88],"a":[89,180,244,265],"generalization":[90],"bee-avoidance":[93,241,292],"hypothesis":[94,293],"in":[95,123,259,284],"order":[96],"assess":[98],"if":[99],"it":[100],"holds":[101],"only":[102,193],"for":[103,107,129,182,207,295],"or":[106],"non-bee":[109,146,225],"well.":[113],"this,":[115],"compared":[117],"flower":[118,176,188,269,274],"contrasts":[119],"spectral":[121,282],"purity":[122],"bee":[124,213,286],"proxies":[128],"conspicuousness":[130,172,189,270],"among":[131],"four":[132],"kinds":[133],"systems:":[136],"bee-visited":[137],"insect-visited":[139],"(including":[141],"insects),":[145],"insect":[147,195,226],"(flowers":[149],"visited":[150],"flies,":[156],"butterflies":[157],"beetles,":[159],"but":[160],"not":[161,256],"bees)":[162],"bird-visited":[164],"flowers.":[165],"We":[166,262],"assessed":[168],"association":[170,267,301],"between":[171,194,268,302],"depth,":[177,275],"used":[178],"proxy":[181],"Overall,":[187],"differed":[192],"(all":[196],"three":[197],"groups)":[198],"due":[202],"latter.":[209],"This":[210],"suggests":[211],"color":[217],"exclusive":[220,246],"while":[224],"might":[228,242],"use":[229],"channels":[232],"exclude":[234],"bees,":[235],"olfactory":[238],"signals.":[239],"Visual":[240],"be":[243],"mechanism":[245],"pollinated":[249],"specific":[251],"guilds":[252],"well":[257],"represented":[258],"our":[260],"sample.":[261],"found":[264],"negative":[266],"suggesting":[276],"an":[277,299],"interplay":[278],"traits":[283],"discouraging":[285],"visits.":[287],"Our":[288],"results":[289],"support":[290],"exclusively":[294],"overall":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2020-10-01T00:00:00"}