{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088366309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2020.1824119","title":"Processing speed and timed academic skills in children with learning problems","display_name":"Processing speed and timed academic skills in children with learning problems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088366309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2020.1824119","mag":"3088366309","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32981351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/21622965.2020.1824119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2020.1824119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2020.1824119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764552972","display_name":"Applied Neuropsychology Child","issn_l":"2162-2965","issn":["2162-2965","2162-2973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058704312","display_name":"Benjamin J. Lovett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-3070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-3070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin J. Lovett","raw_affiliation_strings":["School Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080898118","display_name":"Allyson G. Harrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0426-2011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0426-2011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allyson G. Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Assessment and Resource Centre, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Assessment and Resource Centre, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109102731","display_name":"Irene T. Armstrong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene T. Armstrong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regional Assessment and Resource Centre, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regional Assessment and Resource Centre, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058704312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80522307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"320","last_page":"327"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13447","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Assessments","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processing-speed","display_name":"processing speed","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-pressure","display_name":"time pressure","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-time-accommodations","display_name":"extended time accommodations","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disability-diagnosis","display_name":"learning disability diagnosis","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychological-assessment","display_name":"neuropsychological assessment","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6063926219940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.6003052592277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5875648260116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.5664452910423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5503019690513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.45450833439826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4491901695728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.44741833209991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.38245540857315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2563035786151886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22169572114944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18349334597587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.09040328860282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/21622965.2020.1824119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2020.1824119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2020.1824119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764552972","display_name":"Applied Neuropsychology Child","issn_l":"2162-2965","issn":["2162-2965","2162-2973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32981351","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32981351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied neuropsychology. Child","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W340971680","https://openalex.org/W1535277064","https://openalex.org/W1971466676","https://openalex.org/W1995125045","https://openalex.org/W1996898587","https://openalex.org/W1997410642","https://openalex.org/W2010855723","https://openalex.org/W2012626242","https://openalex.org/W2015946886","https://openalex.org/W2018094771","https://openalex.org/W2030238993","https://openalex.org/W2080091258","https://openalex.org/W2084049265","https://openalex.org/W2088981844","https://openalex.org/W2105566729","https://openalex.org/W2152892628","https://openalex.org/W2161951252","https://openalex.org/W2285387578","https://openalex.org/W2496618795","https://openalex.org/W2503554150","https://openalex.org/W2549048994","https://openalex.org/W2907515572","https://openalex.org/W2907749054","https://openalex.org/W2911361919","https://openalex.org/W2913440589","https://openalex.org/W2914962960","https://openalex.org/W2944339144","https://openalex.org/W3001388250","https://openalex.org/W3197234077","https://openalex.org/W4240466482","https://openalex.org/W4301167889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488659568","https://openalex.org/W2012257728","https://openalex.org/W6950659856","https://openalex.org/W7172117128","https://openalex.org/W2357541530","https://openalex.org/W4414908218","https://openalex.org/W2083670115","https://openalex.org/W3036515348","https://openalex.org/W2036190709","https://openalex.org/W2041678066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"processing":[1,124,167],"speed":[2,15,43,98,125,168],"is":[3],"commonly":[4],"measured":[5],"in":[6,19,144],"intelligence":[7],"and":[8,11,21,44,83,120,126,146,170],"neuropsychological":[9],"testing,":[10],"the":[12,45,59,65,72,108,121,150,178],"scores":[13,129],"from":[14],"measures":[16,95,112,203],"are":[17],"considered":[18],"diagnostic":[20,91,182],"management":[22,189],"recommendations":[23,190],"for":[24,192],"students":[25],"with":[26,76],"academic":[27,50,103,128,159,206],"learning":[28,78,185],"problems.":[29],"However,":[30],"this":[31],"score":[32],"usage":[33],"often":[34,114,173],"depends":[35],"on":[36,166,200],"assumptions":[37],"about":[38],"strong":[39],"relationships":[40,69,106,139],"between":[41,107,123,177],"cognitive":[42,97],"ability":[46],"to":[47,63],"perform":[48],"actual":[49],"tasks":[51],"under":[52],"time":[53,194],"pressure.":[54],"The":[55,105,136],"primary":[56],"purpose":[57],"of":[58,67,96,111,138,152,204],"present":[60,73],"study":[61],"was":[62,130],"test":[64],"strength":[66,151],"these":[68],"empirically.":[70],"In":[71],"study,":[74],"children":[75],"prior":[77],"disability":[79,186],"diagnoses":[80],"(146":[81],"girls":[82],"301":[84],"boys,":[85],"ages":[86],"10\u201314":[87],"years":[88],"old)":[89],"completed":[90],"batteries":[92],"that":[93,141,157],"included":[94],"as":[99,101],"well":[100],"timed":[102,127,158],"skills.":[104,207],"two":[109],"types":[110],"were":[113],"modest":[115],"(median":[116],"r":[117],"=":[118],"0.25),":[119],"gap":[122],"typically":[131],"approximately":[132],"1":[133],"standard":[134],"deviation.":[135],"pattern":[137],"suggested":[140],"superficial":[142],"similarity":[143],"stimuli":[145],"task":[147],"demands":[148],"affected":[149],"associations.":[153],"These":[154],"results":[155],"suggest":[156],"skills":[160],"cannot":[161],"be":[162,174,198],"reliably":[163],"estimated":[164],"based":[165,199],"scores,":[169],"there":[171],"will":[172],"significant":[175],"gaps":[176],"two.":[179],"Therefore,":[180],"making":[181],"judgments":[183],"(e.g.,":[184,191],"diagnoses)":[187],"or":[188],"extended":[193],"testing":[195],"accommodations)":[196],"should":[197],"more":[201],"direct":[202],"relevant":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2020-10-01T00:00:00"}
