{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3087370907","doi":null,"title":"Empirical Analysis of Signature-Based Sign Language Recognition","display_name":"Empirical Analysis of Signature-Based Sign Language Recognition","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3087370907","mag":"3087370907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:976abdcbeb144f23aa92e19fbf40d9a0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/976abdcbeb144f23aa92e19fbf40d9a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 33, Iss 4, Pp 501-513 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W3087370907"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/976abdcbeb144f23aa92e19fbf40d9a0","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054590646","display_name":"Sumaira Kausar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4229-7802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4229-7802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12003341","display_name":"National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/019vsm959","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12003341"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK","RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumaira Kausar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12003341","https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100887408","display_name":"Muhammad Younus Javed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Younus Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025735479","display_name":"Aasia Khanum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-7637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-7637"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aasia Khanum","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language-recognition","display_name":"sign language recognition","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-classification","display_name":"sign classification","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant-features","display_name":"invariant features","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deaf-community","display_name":"deaf community","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.7469527721405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7007724046707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.6183204650878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.563986599445343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47353383898735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42919689416885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3314934968948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.30898118019104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18982070684432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:976abdcbeb144f23aa92e19fbf40d9a0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/976abdcbeb144f23aa92e19fbf40d9a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 33, Iss 4, Pp 501-513 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:976abdcbeb144f23aa92e19fbf40d9a0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/976abdcbeb144f23aa92e19fbf40d9a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 33, Iss 4, Pp 501-513 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2311041530","https://openalex.org/W2291191262","https://openalex.org/W4311666181","https://openalex.org/W2895587657","https://openalex.org/W4413020331","https://openalex.org/W2584475840","https://openalex.org/W3153016512","https://openalex.org/W2293407568","https://openalex.org/W4408199857","https://openalex.org/W29031459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22],"significance":[1],"of":[2,20,49,56,69,71,73,83,96,100,105,112],"automated":[3,23],"SLR":[4,24],"(Sign":[5],"Language":[6],"Recognition)":[7],"proved":[8],"not":[9],"only":[10],"in":[11,16,39,46,110],"the":[12,29,50,122],"deaf":[13],"community":[14,45],"but":[15],"various":[17],"other":[18],"spheres":[19],"life.":[21],"are":[25,90,107],"mainly":[26],"based":[27],"on":[28],"machine":[30,59],"learning":[31,60],"methods.PSL":[32],"(Pakistani":[33],"Sign":[34],"Language)is":[35],"an":[36,64],"emerging":[37],"area":[38],"order":[40],"to":[41,120],"benefit":[42],"a":[43,79,118],"big":[44],"this":[47],"region":[48],"world.":[51],"This":[52,75],"paper":[53,76],"presents":[54,78],"recognition":[55],"PSL":[57,106],"using":[58],"methods.":[61,86],"We":[62],"propose":[63],"efficient":[65],"and":[66,136],"invariant":[67],"method":[68,130],"classification":[70,85],"signs":[72,97],"PSL.":[74],"also":[77],"thorough":[80],"empirical":[81,125],"analysis":[82,126],"signature-based":[84],"Six":[87],"different":[88],"signatures":[89],"analyzed":[91],"for":[92],"two":[93],"distinct":[94],"groups":[95],"having":[98],"total":[99],"forty":[101],"five":[102],"signs.":[103],"Signs":[104],"close":[108],"enough":[109],"terms":[111],"inter-sign":[113],"similarity":[114],"distancetherefore,":[115],"it":[116],"is":[117],"challenge":[119],"make":[121],"classification.":[123],"Methodical":[124],"proves":[127],"that":[128],"proposed":[129],"deals":[131],"with":[132],"these":[133],"challenges":[134],"adequately":[135],"effectively":[137]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2020-09-25T00:00:00"}