{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3087045343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000479","title":"Discrimination against Foreigners: The Wuerttemberg Patent Law in Administrative Practice","display_name":"Discrimination against Foreigners: The Wuerttemberg Patent Law in Administrative Practice","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3087045343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000479","mag":"3087045343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0022050720000479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000479","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B9BFCCDCA1C3A77EAC575299C9371E25/S0022050720000479a.pdf/div-class-title-discrimination-against-foreigners-the-wuerttemberg-patent-law-in-administrative-practice-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122073985","display_name":"The Journal of Economic History","issn_l":"0022-0507","issn":["0022-0507","1471-6372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Economic History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B9BFCCDCA1C3A77EAC575299C9371E25/S0022050720000479a.pdf/div-class-title-discrimination-against-foreigners-the-wuerttemberg-patent-law-in-administrative-practice-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036832612","display_name":"Sibylle H. Lehmann-Hasemeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5645-5923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5645-5923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110079840","display_name":"University of Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sibylle Lehmann-Hasemeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 49, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5645-5923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 49, Stuttgart 70599, Germany. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042918749","display_name":"Jochen Streb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-7923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-7923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jochen Streb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Economics, University of Mannheim, L 7, 3-5, Mannheim 68131, Germany. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Economics, University of Mannheim, L 7, 3-5, Mannheim 68131, Germany. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"apc_paid":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"fwci":1.4095,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87698419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"4","first_page":"1071","last_page":"1100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.8202999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.8202999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.1363999992609024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.025599999353289604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-law","display_name":"patent law","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-fees","display_name":"patent fees","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination-against-foreigners","display_name":"discrimination against foreigners","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-inventors","display_name":"foreign inventors","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protectionism","display_name":"protectionism","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-office","display_name":"patent office","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/19th-century","display_name":"19th century","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wurttemberg","display_name":"W\u00fcrttemberg","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-practice","display_name":"administrative practice","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"intellectual property","score":0.7639999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22241219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179073","display_name":"Protectionism","level":2,"score":0.9065348505973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.7896944880485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6006921529769897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43813079595565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.41463980078697205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.33256715536117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3109266757965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28452861309051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.2570856511592865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09338554739952087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.05438193678855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0022050720000479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000479","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B9BFCCDCA1C3A77EAC575299C9371E25/S0022050720000479a.pdf/div-class-title-discrimination-against-foreigners-the-wuerttemberg-patent-law-in-administrative-practice-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122073985","display_name":"The Journal of Economic History","issn_l":"0022-0507","issn":["0022-0507","1471-6372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Economic History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ub-madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de:57473","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/57473/1/Lehmann_Streb_Discrimination-against-foreigners-the-wuerttemberg-patent-law-in-administrative-practice_JEH2020.pdf","pdf_url":"https://madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/57473/1/Lehmann_Streb_Discrimination-against-foreigners-the-wuerttemberg-patent-law-in-administrative-practice_JEH2020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196315","display_name":"MADOC (University of Mannheim)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","host_organization_name":"University of Mannheim","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034144847","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc-574735","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"software, multimedia"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0022050720000479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000479","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B9BFCCDCA1C3A77EAC575299C9371E25/S0022050720000479a.pdf/div-class-title-discrimination-against-foreigners-the-wuerttemberg-patent-law-in-administrative-practice-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122073985","display_name":"The Journal of Economic History","issn_l":"0022-0507","issn":["0022-0507","1471-6372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Economic History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3087045343.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3087045343.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W329544458","https://openalex.org/W603085731","https://openalex.org/W605077644","https://openalex.org/W618399026","https://openalex.org/W1515707332","https://openalex.org/W1518111027","https://openalex.org/W1522849924","https://openalex.org/W1556185847","https://openalex.org/W1572744224","https://openalex.org/W1594625410","https://openalex.org/W1894764450","https://openalex.org/W1969857923","https://openalex.org/W2004971681","https://openalex.org/W2007990086","https://openalex.org/W2011258802","https://openalex.org/W2038848089","https://openalex.org/W2041419978","https://openalex.org/W2060948512","https://openalex.org/W2071402324","https://openalex.org/W2086004779","https://openalex.org/W2107271333","https://openalex.org/W2129529963","https://openalex.org/W2180977842","https://openalex.org/W2315976537","https://openalex.org/W2319923909","https://openalex.org/W2324592634","https://openalex.org/W2469653990","https://openalex.org/W2481836808","https://openalex.org/W2571313764","https://openalex.org/W2582362033","https://openalex.org/W2604542686","https://openalex.org/W2748286415","https://openalex.org/W2801952393","https://openalex.org/W2946446963","https://openalex.org/W2949071886","https://openalex.org/W2953280104","https://openalex.org/W3022125541","https://openalex.org/W3111497008","https://openalex.org/W3121147769","https://openalex.org/W3122324116","https://openalex.org/W3122707800","https://openalex.org/W3123358398","https://openalex.org/W3124131699","https://openalex.org/W3124166904","https://openalex.org/W3124431478","https://openalex.org/W3124497653","https://openalex.org/W3124889162","https://openalex.org/W3152367561","https://openalex.org/W4211136176","https://openalex.org/W4231807095","https://openalex.org/W4232755439","https://openalex.org/W4298413470","https://openalex.org/W4391796696","https://openalex.org/W6629213953","https://openalex.org/W6891215574","https://openalex.org/W7046207696","https://openalex.org/W7065983744"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2897833736","https://openalex.org/W791929908","https://openalex.org/W2949071886","https://openalex.org/W7006595613","https://openalex.org/W4402406970","https://openalex.org/W2765448334","https://openalex.org/W3124996925","https://openalex.org/W3042503876","https://openalex.org/W4414697228","https://openalex.org/W2801668256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,5,8,12],"second":[2],"half":[3],"of":[4,11],"nineteenth":[6],"century,":[7],"patent":[9,25],"office":[10],"German":[13],"state":[14],"Wuerttemberg":[15],"strategically":[16],"discriminated":[17],"against":[18],"foreign":[19],"inventors":[20],"by":[21,35],"charging":[22],"comparatively":[23],"high":[24],"fees.":[26],"We":[27],"show":[28],"that":[29],"this":[30],"administrative":[31],"practice":[32],"was":[33],"driven":[34],"fiscal":[36],"and":[37],"protectionist":[38],"motives.":[39]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-09-25T00:00:00"}