{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3086968535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8000","title":"Measuring Skills in Developing Countries","display_name":"Measuring Skills in Developing Countries","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3086968535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8000","mag":"3086968535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26250","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051860438","display_name":"Rachid Laajaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-7302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-7302"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162096671","display_name":"Universidad de Los Andes","ror":"https://ror.org/02mhbdp94","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203303854","display_name":"Universidad de Los Andes","ror":"https://ror.org/02h1b1x27","country_code":"VE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203303854"]}],"countries":["CO","VE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachid Laajaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N#*Rachid Laajaj is an associate professor at the Universidad de Los Andes"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#*Rachid Laajaj is an associate professor at the Universidad de Los Andes","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162096671","https://openalex.org/I203303854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090442103","display_name":"Karen Macours","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1585-4418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1585-4418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57995698","display_name":"Paris School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/01qtp1053","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I51101395","https://openalex.org/I57995698","https://openalex.org/I90669466"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Macours","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N#**Karen Macours is a professor at Paris School of Economics and INRA researcher"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#**Karen Macours is a professor at Paris School of Economics and INRA researcher","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57995698"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":146,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.36230000853538513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.36230000853538513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.06930000334978104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11539","display_name":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","score":0.042100001126527786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-assessment","display_name":"skill assessment","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-reliability","display_name":"measurement reliability","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-validity","display_name":"measurement validity","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-error","display_name":"measurement error","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-cognitive-skills","display_name":"non-cognitive skills","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-skills","display_name":"cognitive skills","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-skills","display_name":"technical skills","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics","display_name":"psychometrics","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-measures","display_name":"repeated measures","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmers","display_name":"farmers","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-practices","display_name":"agricultural practices","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-development","display_name":"rural development","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-kenya","display_name":"Western Kenya","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3461330533027649}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-8000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/26250","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/26250","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.5365999937057495},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195470862","https://openalex.org/W294928740","https://openalex.org/W1127212263","https://openalex.org/W1483641533","https://openalex.org/W1496437928","https://openalex.org/W1588286827","https://openalex.org/W1598165224","https://openalex.org/W1872578139","https://openalex.org/W1880443892","https://openalex.org/W1920095885","https://openalex.org/W1920715936","https://openalex.org/W1975855420","https://openalex.org/W1982857831","https://openalex.org/W1987724300","https://openalex.org/W1987776824","https://openalex.org/W1994218212","https://openalex.org/W1997320786","https://openalex.org/W1999203981","https://openalex.org/W2010185677","https://openalex.org/W2035010156","https://openalex.org/W2042875118","https://openalex.org/W2045181167","https://openalex.org/W2048311021","https://openalex.org/W2049898502","https://openalex.org/W2056838300","https://openalex.org/W2071937436","https://openalex.org/W2087329389","https://openalex.org/W2088477804","https://openalex.org/W2091143533","https://openalex.org/W2099684380","https://openalex.org/W2102647279","https://openalex.org/W2103174525","https://openalex.org/W2105176514","https://openalex.org/W2109124152","https://openalex.org/W2109803448","https://openalex.org/W2110862549","https://openalex.org/W2133097426","https://openalex.org/W2142897661","https://openalex.org/W2144131786","https://openalex.org/W2151139865","https://openalex.org/W2151287614","https://openalex.org/W2155648052","https://openalex.org/W2157066690","https://openalex.org/W2157241743","https://openalex.org/W2158582049","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2160172778","https://openalex.org/W2169863498","https://openalex.org/W2184220696","https://openalex.org/W2221495497","https://openalex.org/W2233185381","https://openalex.org/W2255911051","https://openalex.org/W2330863028","https://openalex.org/W2469490025","https://openalex.org/W2480853801","https://openalex.org/W2522466556","https://openalex.org/W2528740269","https://openalex.org/W2765230040","https://openalex.org/W2767879018","https://openalex.org/W2797587201","https://openalex.org/W2890440704","https://openalex.org/W2890468383","https://openalex.org/W2892065398","https://openalex.org/W2991651364","https://openalex.org/W3024681213","https://openalex.org/W3122622199","https://openalex.org/W3122710626","https://openalex.org/W3123275189","https://openalex.org/W3124584555","https://openalex.org/W3125029691","https://openalex.org/W3125447167","https://openalex.org/W3148400392","https://openalex.org/W3153132868","https://openalex.org/W4250964900","https://openalex.org/W4252127527","https://openalex.org/W4294544776","https://openalex.org/W4298108237","https://openalex.org/W4298207115","https://openalex.org/W4392260510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293100907","https://openalex.org/W2789336419","https://openalex.org/W4380154241","https://openalex.org/W7203827197","https://openalex.org/W2262182711","https://openalex.org/W2749740077","https://openalex.org/W2098952667","https://openalex.org/W4413375795","https://openalex.org/W2548157466","https://openalex.org/W2340522154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Measures":[0],"of":[1,17,22,54,56,73,100,168,174,212,221,229],"cognitive,":[2],"noncognitive,":[3],"and":[4,52,86,115,131,141,171,180,188,194,246],"technical":[5,135],"skills":[6,23,61,74,127,136,153,231],"are":[7,31,129,137,160],"increasingly":[8],"used":[9,60],"in":[10,24,35,44,63,83,151,162,248],"development":[11],"economics":[12],"to":[13,78,96,139,192,218,225],"analyze":[14],"the":[15,20,50,57,87,98,101,107,118,125,165,169,172,175,219,227,239],"determinants":[16],"skill":[18,213,244],"formation,":[19],"role":[21],"economic":[25,233],"decisions,":[26],"or":[27],"simply":[28],"because":[29],"they":[30],"potential":[32],"confounders.":[33],"Yet":[34],"most":[36,58],"cases,":[37],"these":[38,237],"measures":[39,62,128,190],"have":[40],"only":[41],"been":[42],"validated":[43],"high-income":[45],"countries.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48,204,240],"tests":[49],"reliability":[51,99],"validity":[53],"some":[55],"commonly":[59],"a":[64,71,206],"rural":[65],"developing":[66],"context.":[67],"A":[68],"survey":[69],"with":[70,232],"series":[72],"measurements":[75],"was":[76],"administered":[77],"more":[79],"than":[80],"900":[81],"farmers":[82],"western":[84],"Kenya,":[85],"same":[88],"questions":[89,159],"were":[90],"asked":[91],"again":[92],"after":[93],"three":[94],"weeks":[95],"test":[97,104],"measures.":[102,214],"To":[103],"predictive":[105],"power,":[106],"study":[108],"also":[109,216],"collected":[110],"information":[111],"on":[112,236],"agricultural":[113],"practices":[114,187],"production":[116],"during":[117],"four":[119],"following":[120],"seasons.":[121],"The":[122,144,203],"results":[123],"show":[124],"cognitive":[126],"reliable":[130],"internally":[132],"consistent,":[133],"while":[134],"difficult":[138],"capture":[140],"very":[142],"noisy.":[143],"evidence":[145],"further":[146],"suggests":[147],"that":[148],"measurement":[149,182,223,245],"error":[150,183],"noncognitive":[152],"is":[154],"non-classical,":[155],"as":[156],"correlations":[157],"between":[158],"driven":[161],"part":[163],"by":[164],"answering":[166],"patterns":[167],"respondents":[170],"phrasing":[173],"questions.":[176],"Addressing":[177],"both":[178],"random":[179],"systematic":[181],"using":[184],"common":[185],"psychometric":[186],"repeated":[189],"leads":[191],"improvements":[193],"clearer":[195],"predictions,":[196],"but":[197],"does":[198],"not":[199],"address":[200],"all":[201],"concerns.":[202],"provides":[205],"cautionary":[207],"tale":[208],"for":[209,243],"na\u00efve":[210],"interpretations":[211],"It":[215],"points":[217],"importance":[220],"addressing":[222],"challenges":[224],"establish":[226],"relationship":[228],"different":[230],"outcomes.":[234],"Based":[235],"findings,":[238],"derives":[241],"guidelines":[242],"interpretation":[247],"similar":[249],"contexts.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2020-09-21T00:00:00"}
