{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3086133565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092086","title":"Sexual Dimorphism in Osteoclasts","display_name":"Sexual Dimorphism in Osteoclasts","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3086133565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092086","mag":"3086133565","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32932615","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7564933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cells9092086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092086","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/2086/pdf?version=1599899679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736626452","display_name":"Cells","issn_l":"2073-4409","issn":["2073-4409"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cells","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/2086/pdf?version=1599899679","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002442504","display_name":"Joseph Lorenzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0610-0216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0610-0216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75929689","display_name":"UConn Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzs4y22","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Lorenzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002442504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2112},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2112},"fwci":0.3022,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25851286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"2086","last_page":"2086"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11219","display_name":"Bone Metabolism and Diseases","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11219","display_name":"Bone Metabolism and Diseases","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10756","display_name":"Estrogen and related hormone effects","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1310","display_name":"Endocrinology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoclasts","display_name":"osteoclasts","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-dimorphism","display_name":"sexual dimorphism","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-resorption","display_name":"bone resorption","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-steroids","display_name":"sex steroids","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor","display_name":"macrophage colony-stimulating factor","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rankl","display_name":"RANKL","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoclastogenesis","display_name":"osteoclastogenesis","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-bone-disease","display_name":"metabolic bone disease","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeletal-development","display_name":"skeletal development","score":0.37599998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105083479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181497","display_name":"Sexual dimorphism","level":2,"score":0.7351719737052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779428903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418934","display_name":"RANKL","level":4,"score":0.6730932593345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C673006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941581","display_name":"Bone resorption","level":2,"score":0.5640963315963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776033226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828410","display_name":"Osteoclast","level":3,"score":0.5532658100128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170033053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q952019","display_name":"Bone remodeling","level":2,"score":0.547204852104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18969341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1169129","display_name":"Skeleton (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5452509522438049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5420632362365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.45435065031051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.43911659717559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776016352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873072","display_name":"Clitoris","level":2,"score":0.43014922738075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3406651020050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2729022800922394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.2601843476295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.24046757817268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88045685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174576","display_name":"Activator (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.1807628870010376}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000728","descriptor_name":"Androgens","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001862","descriptor_name":"Bone Resorption","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004967","descriptor_name":"Estrogens","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010010","descriptor_name":"Osteoclasts","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012727","descriptor_name":"Sex Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015870","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cells9092086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092086","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/2086/pdf?version=1599899679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736626452","display_name":"Cells","issn_l":"2073-4409","issn":["2073-4409"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cells","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32932615","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32932615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cells","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7564933","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7564933/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cells","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ce237a8ee8fb45fdb60223881ccfe930","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ce237a8ee8fb45fdb60223881ccfe930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cells, Vol 9, Iss 9, p 2086 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cells9092086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092086","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/2086/pdf?version=1599899679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736626452","display_name":"Cells","issn_l":"2073-4409","issn":["2073-4409"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cells","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8145541644","display_name":"Studies of Osteoclast Lineage in Health and Disease","funder_award_id":"R56AR074391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/006zn3t30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3086133565.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3086133565.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W303869067","https://openalex.org/W1828298093","https://openalex.org/W1965270440","https://openalex.org/W1967502057","https://openalex.org/W1969323709","https://openalex.org/W1970252177","https://openalex.org/W1979321097","https://openalex.org/W1992438132","https://openalex.org/W1996957421","https://openalex.org/W2000077738","https://openalex.org/W2001468998","https://openalex.org/W2005345078","https://openalex.org/W2016674232","https://openalex.org/W2021019773","https://openalex.org/W2033835546","https://openalex.org/W2043144329","https://openalex.org/W2054249589","https://openalex.org/W2077065930","https://openalex.org/W2081379880","https://openalex.org/W2088140226","https://openalex.org/W2099989406","https://openalex.org/W2100706488","https://openalex.org/W2104879998","https://openalex.org/W2117025246","https://openalex.org/W2135806535","https://openalex.org/W2179333912","https://openalex.org/W2201314599","https://openalex.org/W2239373507","https://openalex.org/W2323096875","https://openalex.org/W2344954614","https://openalex.org/W2409910905","https://openalex.org/W2516439018","https://openalex.org/W2518536270","https://openalex.org/W2808266901","https://openalex.org/W2890704169","https://openalex.org/W2906119112","https://openalex.org/W2950364945","https://openalex.org/W2967529946","https://openalex.org/W2995164504","https://openalex.org/W2997402112","https://openalex.org/W2998942361","https://openalex.org/W2999400492","https://openalex.org/W3024041874","https://openalex.org/W3034574868","https://openalex.org/W3042792727","https://openalex.org/W4238955303"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3127236158","https://openalex.org/W2165390551","https://openalex.org/W4382797975","https://openalex.org/W249118161","https://openalex.org/W2002677640","https://openalex.org/W1981874801","https://openalex.org/W801721043","https://openalex.org/W4285156318","https://openalex.org/W2323096875","https://openalex.org/W1998943231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Osteoclasts":[0],"are":[1,99,139],"the":[2,11,18,22,43,46,50,75,78,82,92,103,117,142,146,149],"principal":[3,19],"mediators":[4],"of":[5,13,21,34,45,52,81,94,105,114,137,145,151,161],"bone":[6,68,79,97],"resorption.":[7],"They":[8],"form":[9],"through":[10],"fusion":[12],"mononuclear":[14],"precursor":[15],"cells":[16],"under":[17],"influence":[20,116],"cytokines":[23],"macrophage":[24],"colony":[25],"stimulating":[26],"factor":[27],"(M-CSF,":[28],"aka":[29,38],"CSF-1)":[30],"and":[31,48,86,91,101,111,123,125,132,148,169],"receptor":[32],"activator":[33],"NF-\u03baB":[35],"ligand":[36],"(RANKL,":[37],"TNFSF11).":[39],"Sexual":[40],"dimorphism":[41,144],"in":[42,49,77,130,153],"development":[44],"skeleton":[47,83,147],"incidence":[51,93],"skeletal":[53],"diseases":[54],"is":[55,163],"well":[56],"described.":[57],"In":[58],"general,":[59],"females,":[60],"at":[61,88],"any":[62],"given":[63],"age,":[64,109],"have":[65],"a":[66,135],"lower":[67],"mass":[69,80],"than":[70],"males.":[71,133],"The":[72],"reasons":[73],"for":[74,141],"differences":[76],"between":[84],"women":[85],"men":[87],"various":[89],"ages,":[90],"certain":[95],"metabolic":[96],"diseases,":[98],"multitude,":[100],"include":[102],"actions":[104],"sex":[106],"steroids,":[107],"genetics,":[108],"environment":[110],"behavior.":[112],"All":[113],"these":[115,167],"rate":[118],"that":[119],"osteoclasts":[120,152],"form,":[121],"resorb":[122],"die,":[124],"frequently":[126],"produce":[127],"different":[128],"effects":[129,171],"females":[131],"Hence,":[134],"variety":[136],"factors":[138,168],"responsible":[140],"sexual":[143],"activity":[150],"bone.":[154],"This":[155],"review":[156],"will":[157],"provide":[158],"an":[159],"overview":[160],"what":[162],"currently":[164],"known":[165],"about":[166],"their":[170],"on":[172],"osteoclasts.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2020-09-21T00:00:00"}