{"id":"https://openalex.org/W30859713","doi":null,"title":"[The Black Death as a cause of the massacres of Jews: a myth of medical history?].","display_name":"[The Black Death as a cause of the massacres of Jews: a myth of medical history?].","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W30859713","mag":"30859713","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11625662"},"language":"de","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11625662","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11625662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","raw_type":"English Abstract"},"volume":null,"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045966559","display_name":"Iris Ritzmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7016-3556","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7016-3556"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I Ritzmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045966559"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"101","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14441","display_name":"Religion, Theology, History, Judaism, Christianity","score":0.8457000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14441","display_name":"Religion, Theology, History, Judaism, Christianity","score":0.8457000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.06870000064373016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13739","display_name":"Medieval and Early Modern Justice","score":0.023399999365210533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-death","display_name":"Black Death","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/14th-century","display_name":"14th century","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persecution-of-jews","display_name":"persecution of Jews","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plague","display_name":"plague","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-fear","display_name":"religious fear","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/church","display_name":"church","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"profit","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-interest","display_name":"political interest","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medicine","display_name":"history of medicine","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myth","display_name":"myth","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778059882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133780","display_name":"Plague (disease)","level":2,"score":0.8870736360549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519517224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12827256","display_name":"Mythology","level":2,"score":0.706260085105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150152722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9268","display_name":"Judaism","level":2,"score":0.6088209748268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6004800796508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5666015148162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.5197198390960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.46633148193359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.44903114438056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143128703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12554","display_name":"Middle Ages","level":2,"score":0.4335521161556244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.3553121089935303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29644975066185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.29612642526626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2487221658229828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.20722505450248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.14937862753868103}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003643","descriptor_name":"Death","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006663","descriptor_name":"Historiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006708","descriptor_name":"Homicide","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007585","descriptor_name":"Jews","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010930","descriptor_name":"Plague","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011822","descriptor_name":"Race Relations","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049691","descriptor_name":"History, Medieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11625662","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11625662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","raw_type":"English Abstract"},{"id":"mag:30859713","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11625662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1748261727","https://openalex.org/W1968559439","https://openalex.org/W1969814796","https://openalex.org/W1969901326","https://openalex.org/W1973147317","https://openalex.org/W1981983308","https://openalex.org/W1983344320","https://openalex.org/W1991460349","https://openalex.org/W2008771266","https://openalex.org/W2013809308","https://openalex.org/W2013840177","https://openalex.org/W2014135188","https://openalex.org/W2022089464","https://openalex.org/W2024326908","https://openalex.org/W2024971445","https://openalex.org/W2030653181","https://openalex.org/W2034706779","https://openalex.org/W2039251191","https://openalex.org/W2045433259","https://openalex.org/W2045588888","https://openalex.org/W2047181165","https://openalex.org/W2052689814","https://openalex.org/W2054989525","https://openalex.org/W2057190776","https://openalex.org/W2068995515","https://openalex.org/W2083224029","https://openalex.org/W2083782421","https://openalex.org/W2095189993","https://openalex.org/W2114547650","https://openalex.org/W2114746752","https://openalex.org/W2119774673","https://openalex.org/W2122295252","https://openalex.org/W2125334139","https://openalex.org/W2133908459","https://openalex.org/W2134897227","https://openalex.org/W2136127635","https://openalex.org/W2137905106","https://openalex.org/W2155044423","https://openalex.org/W2155789333","https://openalex.org/W2158070939","https://openalex.org/W2162512339","https://openalex.org/W2171630160","https://openalex.org/W2332351737","https://openalex.org/W2558608698","https://openalex.org/W2579255568","https://openalex.org/W2811111356","https://openalex.org/W2883833686","https://openalex.org/W6874674737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949348174","https://openalex.org/W4311536917","https://openalex.org/W3120574666","https://openalex.org/W4312424442","https://openalex.org/W3187124518","https://openalex.org/W4399948300","https://openalex.org/W7133418889","https://openalex.org/W6899029363","https://openalex.org/W2889931140","https://openalex.org/W3088236829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,94],"the":[1,4,38,42,63,66,80,83,90,96,103,116,119,122,125,136,140,151,163,169,173,176,179,183,186,192,195,201],"middle":[2],"of":[3,19,27,76,89,98,118,124,135,142,171,175,182],"14th":[5,187],"century,":[6],"most":[7],"towns":[8],"in":[9,108,168,185],"German-speaking":[10],"territories":[11],"and":[12,30,65,86,121,155],"beyond":[13],"massacred":[14],"their":[15],"Jewish":[16],"communities.":[17],"Thousands":[18],"Jews":[20,99],"were":[21,82,130],"burnt,":[22],"often":[23],"connected":[24],"with":[25],"accusations":[26],"well-poisoning.":[28],"Medical":[29],"socio-historical":[31],"literature":[32],"usually":[33],"attributes":[34],"these":[35],"massacres":[36,64,81,184,202],"to":[37,161,165],"anxiety":[39],"created":[40],"by":[41,150],"Black":[43,104],"Death,":[44],"which":[45],"was":[46,204],"sweeping":[47],"over":[48],"Europe":[49],"during":[50],"this":[51],"period.":[52],"This":[53,158],"article":[54,159],"argues":[55],"that":[56],"there":[57,129],"is":[58],"no":[59],"direct":[60],"link":[61],"between":[62,115],"plague.":[67],"How":[68],"other":[69,138],"researchers":[70],"showed":[71],"before,":[72],"far":[73],"from":[74],"acts":[75],"plague-terrified,":[77],"frenzied":[78],"mobs,":[79],"carefully":[84],"planned":[85],"executed":[87],"work":[88],"Christian":[91],"local":[92],"governments.":[93],"addition,":[95],"slaughtering":[97],"began":[100],"long":[101],"before":[102],"Death":[105],"broke":[106],"out":[107],"Europe.":[109],"No":[110],"relation":[111],"can":[112],"be":[113],"found":[114],"intensity":[117],"disease":[120],"violence":[123],"murderers,":[126],"even":[127],"though":[128],"wide":[131],"regional":[132],"differences.":[133],"Causes":[134],"persecutions":[137],"than":[139],"effects":[141],"plague":[143,177,196],"seem":[144],"evident,":[145],"mainly":[146],"religious":[147],"fears":[148],"fueled":[149],"Church,":[152],"financial":[153],"profit,":[154],"political":[156],"interests.":[157],"wants":[160],"draw":[162],"attention":[164],"a":[166,198,205],"myth":[167,174],"history":[170],"medicine,":[172],"as":[178,197],"main":[180],"cause":[181],"century.":[188],"It":[189],"also":[190],"raises":[191],"question,":[193],"whether":[194],"trigger":[199],"for":[200],"really":[203],"basic":[206],"requirement.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}